{"id":9776,"date":"2016-11-28T13:17:43","date_gmt":"2016-11-28T10:17:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=9776"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:07:30","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:07:30","slug":"%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\/ \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0646\u0637<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

I- \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 Introduction<\/p>\n

II- \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 la th\u00e9orie des obligations<\/p>\n

III- \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f classification des contrats<\/p>\n

IV- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 le contrat comme source des obligations<\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f (Notion de contrat)<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 ( principe de l\u2019autonomie de le volont\u00e9)<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f (le consen sualisme)<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 (les vices du consentement )<\/p>\n

2- \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f (les crit\u00e8res du contrat)<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f (l\u2019objet et cause du contrat)<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f( la nullit\u00e9 du contrat)<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a ( le droit civil) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a
\n(le droit commercial) . \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f (les obligations et les contrat). \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (droit r\u00e9els).
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627….\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 75-58 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 30 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1975 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.
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\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (fait juridique) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 : \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (les faits juridiques) \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a ( le droit civil) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a
\n(le droit commercial) . \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f (les obligations et les contrat). \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (droit r\u00e9els).
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645.
\n\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (fait juridique) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 : \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (les faits juridiques) \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0624\u0647.
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (54) \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f :<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 (l\u2019autonomie de la volont\u00e9) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629:<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 (contrat nomm\u00e9) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 (contrat innomm\u00e9) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a \u0643\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a (contrat consensuel ):
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a (contrat solennel):
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a (contrat r\u00e9el):
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627…<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (contrat unilat\u00e9ral):
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a ( contrat synallagmatique) :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646.
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:
\n1- \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00b7 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 ( contrat \u00e0 titre on\u00e9reux):
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631.
\n\u00b7 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 (contrat \u00e0 titre gratuit):
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f (contrat commutatif):
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0626 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.
\n\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (contrat al\u00e9atoire):
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (contrat simple):
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631.
\n\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 (contrat mixte):
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629: (l\u2019autonomie de la volont\u00e9):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 ( 1789) \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 ” \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 Domat” \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (106) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 ( contrat d\u2019adh\u00e9sion)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u0629\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (l\u2019ordre public et les bonnes m\u0153urs) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f ( le consen sua lisme) :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0636.
\n\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 ( \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c…..) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 .
\n\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 ( \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647) \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 (l\u2019offre) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 . \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 (l\u2019acceptation) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u064564\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a). \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (67 \u0645 \u062c).
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f
\n(promesse de contrat) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629: ( les vices du consentement):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u063a\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 .<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 (l\u2019erreur)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 :
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627.
\n– \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639) (le dol)<\/strong><\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 86 \u2013 87 \u0645 \u062c) \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :
\n– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0630\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644).
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f.
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 (violence)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:
\n– \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 ( \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a).
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f.
\n– \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0646<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u064a:
\n– \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644.
\n– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646.
\n– \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 90 \u0645\u0646 \u0642 \u0645 \u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628.\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628.<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644 :<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631.
\n\u0641\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u064a\u0626 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644.
\n\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.
\n\u00b7 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627.
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646.
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627.
\n\u00b7 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631
\n\u0641\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646.
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f.
\n\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647:
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627.
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646):<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631.
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a.\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 ( \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631 (10) \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 101 \u0642 \u0645 \u062c).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644.( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 103 \u0645 \u062c).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\/ \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a I- \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 Introduction II- \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 la th\u00e9orie des obligations III- \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f classification des contrats IV- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 le contrat comme source des obligations 1- \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f (Notion de contrat) – \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 ( principe de l\u2019autonomie de le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[31,510,320,227,855,730,1197,1133,1146,690,1192],"class_list":["post-9776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-39","tag-31","tag-510","tag-320","tag-227","tag-855","tag-730","tag-1197","tag-1133","tag-1146","tag-690","tag-1192"],"views":1744,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9776"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9776\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}