{"id":917,"date":"2016-07-13T21:41:19","date_gmt":"2016-07-13T18:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=917"},"modified":"2017-12-03T02:19:27","modified_gmt":"2017-12-02T23:19:27","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629
\n\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0649 : 1 \u2013 6
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a 7 \u2013 14
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 : \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 15 \u2013 37
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 : \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639
\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 : 38
\n– \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 39
\n– \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 40
\n\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b : 41
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629
\n\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 : 42
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 43 – 48
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 : \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 49 \u2013 57
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 58 \u2013 63
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 : \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639
\n\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f : 64
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644
\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 65
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 66 – 71
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 : \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 72 \u2013 77
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 78 \u2013 80
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 : \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f
\n\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f : 81
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 82 \u2013 85
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 : \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 86 \u2013 88<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0649<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

1 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 .
\n\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 (1) (\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 Common Law ) \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649 (2)\u200e\u200e\u200e .{ \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 3} .
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 (3) .
\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 .
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 ” \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 ” (4) \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 .<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (5) .
\n\u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 .<\/p>\n

3 \u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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4 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 UNCITRAL \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 UNIDROIT \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (8) \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 WIPO .
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 { \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 6 } \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 ICC (9) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 IMC \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 (10) .<\/p>\n

5 \u2013 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 UNCITRAL :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641 Clive Schmitthoff \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1962 \u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 The Sources of The Law of International Trade, Edited by Schmitthoff, Stevens & Sons, London 1964. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 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\n\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 Working groups \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 { \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 8 } \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1968\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0649 : –<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 (13) .
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980 .
\n2 \u2013 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1992 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 .
\n3 \u2013 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1988 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 .
\n4 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1958 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1959 .{ \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 9 } .
\n5 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1985. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 (14) .
\n6 \u2013 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062c ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a ) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1987 .
\n7 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1987 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987 .<\/p>\n

6 \u2013 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0646\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 Incoterms . \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 ” \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980 ” . {\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 8 } .
\n\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640
\n\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) \u0646\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d Common Law \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 .
\n(2) Schmitthoff (Clive) : The Sources of The Law of International Trade, London, 1964 p. ix & p.3.
\n\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 Trammer \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 . \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631
\n(3) \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 4 .
\n(4) \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 1972 \u2013 1973 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u062f 10 \u0635 5 .
\n(5) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 . \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1963 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971 .
\n(6) \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 12 .
\n(7) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.
\n(8) \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 .
\n(9) \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 .
\n(10) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 .
\n(11) \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0649 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 .
\n(12) E. Allan Farnsworth : Uncitral and The Progressive Development of International Trade.
\n(13) \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0635 84 \u060c 85 .
\n(14) \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

7- \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 ” \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 .<\/p>\n

8 \u2013 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .
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\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 :<\/p>\n

(\u0623) \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201c I.C.C. \u201d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1953 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u201c Incoterms \u201d \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u201cF.O.B.\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 “C.I .F.” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 ” \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a{\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 12} \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0649 ” \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 .
\n(\u0628) \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1955 \u060c \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 . \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 .
\n(\u062c\u0640) \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u201c general conditions \u201d \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u201c Standard Contracts \u201d \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 . \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 { \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 13 } \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201cComecon\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 .<\/p>\n

9 \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1957 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u201c F.I.D.I.C \u201d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u201c F.I.B.T.P \u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 .
\n\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 .{ \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 14}
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 . \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 . \u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

10 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 .
\n\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 .
\n\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645 .
\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u061f {\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 15}
\n\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0630\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 .
\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 . {\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 16 }
\n( \u0623 ) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 ( \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 ) \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 .
\n(\u0628) \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 .
\n(\u062c\u0640) \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 .
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

11 \u2013 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 .{\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 17 }<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647 .
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12 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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