{"id":8944,"date":"2016-11-20T18:11:56","date_gmt":"2016-11-20T15:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=8944"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:05:54","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:05:54","slug":"%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 :2003<\/p>\n

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\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645.\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064e \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f .
\n\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641 (Telegraph) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0633 (Telex) \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f . \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 (Computer) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f (Telecommunications) .<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (EDI : Electronic Data Intwrchange) \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f , \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 (Interchange Agreemments) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Trading Partner Agreement TPAS) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (EDI) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 LIMNET)) \u0648 (RINET) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648 (ODETTE) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648SWIPNET)) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648(FACNET) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064d\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631(Cryptography ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Arpanet)) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a( \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1969 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (Internet) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629( CIA) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u064a SRI International) \u0648(UCLA) \u0648(Santa Barbra)(UC) \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (UTAH) \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u064a ( ( IMPS : Interface Message nrocess \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 .\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627 (Vsenet) \u0648(Bitnet) \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (000\u063150 ) \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 . \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 .\u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064e \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (Internet) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 (NAPS : Network Access Points) \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 (Sprint) \u0648(MFS) \u0648 (Pac Bell)\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 (\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 (Software Agents) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 (Self \u2013 Learning Programs) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a :
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u064a 1986 -1994 .
\n2- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a .
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a .
\n4- \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0649\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 .
\n5- \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 .
\n6- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 : : united Nations (UN CITRAL)<\/p>\n

Commission on Internationcel Trade Law \u0641\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 .
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 282 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (( \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0647 …))
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 .
\n\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 .
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 .
\n\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 ( DOCUMENT ) \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 , \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1981 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062913 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u0633 .
\n\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0628\u0639 ,\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b , \u062d\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 ) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 .
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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 (DEBTOR) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642 .
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 : ( \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 142 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064f\u064b ) \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647 .
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 ” \u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0645 ” \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 .<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a ” \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 ” , \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :
\n\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u061f .
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 .
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b – \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a ) \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u2013\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 .<\/p>\n

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\n– \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621 : \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064e \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a
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\n\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a 10\/3\/2003<\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- Andre Lucas .le droit de l informatique . Themis \/PUF -1987
\n2- Bond . The future of electronic trade
\n3- Chissick and Kelman . Electronic commerce
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a
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