{"id":862,"date":"2016-07-12T17:32:11","date_gmt":"2016-07-12T14:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=862"},"modified":"2017-12-03T02:19:25","modified_gmt":"2017-12-02T23:19:25","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1)<br \/>\n\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c (%)<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 :<br \/>\nEconomic Crime survey (2003), Economic Crime : A real Threat to business in Hong Kong.<br \/>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062aIFCC \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2)<br \/>\n\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000-2004)<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 :<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) (2001), Six-Month Data Trends Report, Prepared by the National White Collar Crime Center and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, May\u2014November, 2000.<br \/>\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648207,449 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u062d\u0648 66.6% \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 124,509 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 19,500 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062aComputer Security Institute \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2000\u060c \u06482004.( )<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1)<br \/>\n\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<br \/>\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2000 \u06482004 (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<br \/>\n\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 2000 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0639\u0627\u0645<br \/>\nTheft of proprietary info. \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 66,708,000 11,460,000<br \/>\nFinancial Fraud \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 55,996,000 7,670,500<br \/>\nTelecom Fraud \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 4,028,000 3,997,500<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Computer Security Institute (Various Issues), CSI\/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey.<br \/>\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647United States Department of Justice and Federal Bureau of Investigation. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2000 \u06482004 :<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2)<br \/>\n\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2000 \u06482004<br \/>\n\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004<br \/>\n\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Complaint Center \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000<br \/>\n\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Watch<br \/>\n% \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 % \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<br \/>\n71.2 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 78 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n15.8 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a 10 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n5.4 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 3 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<br \/>\n1.3 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a 3 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644<br \/>\n0.6 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 2 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<br \/>\n0.4 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631<br \/>\n0.3 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 1 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n0.2 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 0.5 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646<br \/>\n0.2 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a 0.5 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n0.1 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 :<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Watch (2000), Annual Report.<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Complaint Center (2005), IC3 2004 Internet Fraud : Crime Report, Prepared by the National White Collar Crime Center and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, January 1, 2004\u2014December 31, 2004.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Graycar, and Russell , 2002)( ) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">10\/ \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (2002), Australian Auditing Standard AUS 210: The Auditor\u2019s Responsibility to Consider Fraud and Error in an Audit of a Financial Report, Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, Sydney.<br \/>\nComputer Security Institute (Various Issues), CSI\/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey.<br \/>\nEconomic Crime survey (2003), Economic Crime : A real Threat to business in Hong Kong.<br \/>\nGovernment Printer for the State of Victoria (2002), &#8220;Inquiry into Fraud and Electronic Commerce: Emerging Trends and Best Practice&#8221;, Discussion Paper, Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee, DCPC, Parliament of Victoria, October<br \/>\nGraycar, A. and S. Russell (2002), &#8220;Identifying and Responding to Electronic Fraud Risks&#8221;, 30th Australasian Registrars\u2019 Conference, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra, November.<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Complaint Center (2005), IC3 2004 Internet Fraud : Crime Report, Prepared by the National White Collar Crime Center and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, January 1, 2004\u2014December 31, 2004.<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) (2001), Six-Month Data Trends Report, Prepared by the National White Collar Crime Center and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, May\u2014November, 2000.<br \/>\nInternet Fraud Watch (2000), Annual Report.<br \/>\nK P M G (Not Known), \u201cE &#8211; Commerce and Cyber Crime : New Strategies for Managing the Risks of Exploitation\u201d, K P M G Investigation and Security Inc.<br \/>\nLanham, D., and et. Al. (1987), Criminal Fraud, Law Book Company, Sydney.<br \/>\nManagement Advisory Services &amp; Publications (MASP) , (2001), How to Prevent, Detect and Combat Business Fraud and Technology and Infrastructure Abuse -Best Strategies and Practices &amp; an Action Plan to Secure Your Company, The Information Technologies Control, Security Auditing and Business Continuity Company, Wellesley Hills, &#8211; map-47 &#8211; May.<br \/>\nOECD (2003), OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices Across Borders.<br \/>\nSmith R. and G. Urbas (2001), \u201cControlling Fraud on the Internet: A CAPA Perspective&#8221;, A Report for the Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants, Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants, Australian Institute of Criminology, Research and Public Policy Series No. 39, Malaysia.<br \/>\nSmith, G. R. (2000), \u201cConfronting Fraud in the Digital Age\u201d, Paper presented at the Fraud Prevention and Control Conference, the Australian Institute of Criminology in association with the Commonwealth Attorney-General\u2019s Department, Surfers Paradise, 24-25 August.<br \/>\nSmith, R. and P. Grabosky (1996), \u201cFraud : An Overview of Current &amp; Emerging Risks\u201d, Trends &amp; Issues in Crime and criminal Justice, Australian Institute of Criminology, No. 62.<br \/>\nUNCTAD (2004), The E-Commerce and Development Report 2004, United Nations, New York and Geneva.<br \/>\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c (2004)\u060c &#8220;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 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