{"id":84813,"date":"2017-11-26T02:28:02","date_gmt":"2017-11-25T23:28:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=84813"},"modified":"2017-12-03T06:43:18","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T03:43:18","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 &#8211; \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623 &#8211; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 &#8211; \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">L\u2019obligation naturelle<\/span> (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1235)) \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645: \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 &#8211; \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0624\u0647 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Paiement de l&#8217;indu.<\/span><br \/>\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1235)) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (147)) \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(Aubry et Rau 5th Edition 4 P.3 Baudry 2 Nos 546 seq).<\/span><br \/>\n\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 &#8211; \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 &#8211; \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1340) \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">La Confirmation ou ratification, ou executiou volontaire d\u2019une donnation par les h\u00e9ritiers ou ayants<\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">cause du donateur, apr\u00e8s son d\u00e9c\u00e8s, emporte leur r\u00e9nonciation \u00e0 opposer soit les vices de forme, soit toute autre exception.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Demelombe, tome 27 no 42 ; Aubry et Rau 4e Edition; Tome 4) &amp; 267; l\u2019laniol; 2e Edition No<\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">345<\/span><br \/>\n\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1235) \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0646\u064e\u0628\u0630\u0629 63:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(On Consid\u00e8re Comme donnant ouverture \u00e0 une obligation naturelle le devoir qu\u2019a l\u2019h\u00e8ritier de respecter et d\u2019executer les derni\u00e8res volon\u00e9s de son auteur, bien qu\u2019elles se trouvent consign\u00e9es dans un aete nul en la forme comme testament ou m\u00eame qu\u2019elles n\u2019aient \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9s que verbalement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0630\u0629 (64):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(Ainsi constitue une obligation naturelle l\u2019obligation naturelle l\u2019obligation de remettre la chose \u00e0 qui elle \u00e9tait destinee, lorsqu\u2019elle a \u00e9tait impos\u00e9e par un testament irregulier, ou par un fideis commis tacite non rev\u00eatu de forme l\u00e9gale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0630\u0629 (66):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(Jug\u00e9, en consequence, que les aetes juridiques destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019execution de ces derni\u00e8res volont\u00e9s etant, du chef de l\u2019h\u00e9ritier, des actes \u00e0 tite onereux \u00e9chappent, en ce qui concerne, aux r\u00eagles de forme et de fond des donations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 (67):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(A plus forte raisou, constitue une obligation naturelle la donation entre vifs nulle pour vice de forme, puisque la loi permet aux h\u00e9ritiers du donateur de la confirmer m\u00eame tacitement par une ex\u00e9cution volontaire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1340) \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.<br \/>\n(\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1860 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Sirez<\/span> \u0633\u0646\u0629 61 \u062c\u0632\u0621 (1) \u0635 (370).<br \/>\n\u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Besancon<\/span> \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1906 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1908 \u062c\u0632\u0621 (2) \u0635 (330) \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1905 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Sirez<\/span> \u0633\u0646\u0629 1905 \u062c\u0632\u0621 (1) \u0635 (128)).<br \/>\n\u0641\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1340\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1235\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (147) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1235) \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (147) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n(\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">The Egyptian law of obligations<\/span> \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (26)) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 &#8211; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1235) \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648 (147) \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">obligation civile<\/span> \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 novation ).<\/span><br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Baudry. E 2. N. 1678 , Anbny et Ran 15th rd 4. P 11)<\/span><br \/>\n\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1918 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f (30) \u0635 (62).<br \/>\n\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (37)).<br \/>\n\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1340) \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u0650 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1235) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 &#8211; \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623 &#8211; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 &#8211; \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":84821,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[6621,3054,371,2258,10,4203],"class_list":["post-84813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-39","tag-6621","tag-3054","tag-371","tag-2258","tag-10","tag-4203"],"views":747,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84813"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84813\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}