{"id":84449,"date":"2017-11-22T03:17:39","date_gmt":"2017-11-22T00:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=84449"},"modified":"2017-12-03T06:42:48","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T03:42:48","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a3%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a8%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a3%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 – \u0645\u0635\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 Science p\u00e9nitentiaire ou la p\u00e9nologie<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 [(1)] \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 Congr\u00e9s P\u00e9nitentiaires Intereationaux)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1925 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 25 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1925).<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 (R\u00e9vue P\u00e9nit.) \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9rales des prisons)\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a 17 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1926\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a (Mr. Megalos Caloyanni))\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 Paul Cuche (\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0634) \u0648\u0647\u0648 (trait\u00e9 de science et de l\u00e9gislation P\u00e9nitentiaire) \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645:<\/span>
\n \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

\n\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\n1 –<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (anthropologie\u2019l) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f (\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0648) Lambroso (\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a) Ferri \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 (criminel – n\u00e9) \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 (d’haitude) \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 (d’oceasion) \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 (par passion) \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646 (ali\u00e9n\u00e9)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 (\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0652\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0652\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0643….. \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span> \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/span> \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628 [(2)].
\n\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 (\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (D. Laccasagne)\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0646\u0629 1895 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 (\u0643\u0648\u0634) \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631) \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n

\n\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a: [(3)]
\n1 –<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629) (Peines \u00e9ducatrices) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627) \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n2 –<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629) peines d’intimidation pure\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n

\n3 –<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629) (Peines r\u00e9formatrices) \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n4 –<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) Peines \u00e9l\u00e9minatoires)) \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0628\u062f\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 [(4)].<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645 – \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u064b\u0627 – \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u061f…
\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0643\u0644\u0627) \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\n2 – \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n(\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/span>
\n \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span>
\n (1)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1885 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\n\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1885 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1864 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a) (M. Bonneville de Mersangy) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Am\u00e9lioration de la loi Criminelle)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 (… \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628).<\/p>\n

La peine privative de la libert\u00e9 ne devait jamais \u00eatre prononc\u00e9e quand la peine p\u00e9cuniaire suffit \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1872 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1878 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1885 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1889 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1890\u060c<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1925.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9rales des Prisons) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1893 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 (\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 (\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644) (M. Joinville) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 l’Emprisonnement de court terme et ses cons\u00e9quences
\n\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 (\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646) Correvon \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 (Rev. P\u00e9nit)\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1893.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 – \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 – \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647:
\n1 – \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/span>
\n 2 – \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n 3 – \u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/span>
\n 4 – \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

1 –<\/strong> \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641) (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (En commun) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 (\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629) \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633.<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u062d\u0628\u0633) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/span><\/p>\n

2 –<\/strong> \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 (\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632) Prins \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1889 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a) [(5)] \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 (…. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629… (\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644)…. \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627…..).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 (\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629) \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3 –<\/strong> \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (En commun) \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 – \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 – \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a (En cellule) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 (\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631:<\/p>\n

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De la Haugue
\nLes courtes peines d\u2019emprisonnement, paris 1901<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a) \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span>
\n(2)<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u061f.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630).<\/p>\n

\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1891 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0636\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1 – \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 (\u0643\u0648\u0634) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0639 (\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n2 –<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\n3 –<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n4 –<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629.
\n(\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a) [(6)].<\/p>\n

La peine n\u2019est plus une vengeance: la peine est un rem\u00e9de social \u00e1 un mal soical.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0638\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 – \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (52) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630) \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\n\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u062c\u0646\u062d\u064b\u0627) \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (183) \u0648(222) \u0648(232) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 19 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1925 \u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:
\n\u062a\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (52) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:
\n(\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645) [(7)].<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a:
\n1 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span>
\n 2 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n 3 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n1 –<\/strong> \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645) \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a.
\n2<\/strong> – \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 (\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629).<\/p>\n

\n3 –<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642.
\n4 –<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0632\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633.
\n\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 [(8)].<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a) contrinte per corps \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/span>
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641) (peine d’initimidation pure) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647.
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633.<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 (\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645) \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 (\u0643\u0648\u0634) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 (\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a William Tallack \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627. [(9)]<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643 [(10)] \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646:
\n1 – \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062e (Le pardon avec reprimande).
\n2 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a [(11)]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/strong> – \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062e) \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.
\n2 –<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642) \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1895 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0641 Jury\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0628\u062e\u0647 \u061f<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a
\n[(1)] \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 Paul Cuche \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0640 (1) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

La p\u00e9nologie ou science p\u00e9nitentiaire a pour but d\u2019\u00e9tudier les fonctions qne la peine est appel\u00e9e \u00e0 remplir dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s modernes et d\u2019organiser pratiquement l\u2019adaptation de la peine \u00e0 ces functions.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.
\n[(2)] \u0646\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0634 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a:
\n( \u0623 ) \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.
\n(\u0628) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n(\u062c\u0640) \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.
\n(\u062f) \u0644\u0623\u0646 (\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a.
\n(\u0647\u0640) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.
\n[(3)] \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644 G. Vidal. Cours<\/p>\n

De droit Griminel et de Science P\u00e9nitentiaire 11me fasic. 6me \u00e9dit. p. 55<\/p>\n

[(4)] \u0643\u0648\u0634. \u0635\u0640 (60). \u0646. (22).
\n[(5)] Bulletion de L\u2019U. I. D. P. Ire ann\u00e9e P. 29
\n[(6)] \u0643\u0648\u0634. \u0635\u0640 (201) \u0646 (70).
\n[(7)] \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (52) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:
\n(\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (183) \u0648(222) \u0648(232) \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646…… \u0625\u0644\u062e \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a\u0647….. \u0625\u0644\u062e).
\n[(8)] \u0643\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 (74) \u0648(75).<\/p>\n

[(9)] Rev. P\u00e9nitentiaire. 1889. p. 264
\n[(10)] Tallack. Penol. And prev. principles chap XX Corporol punishment. Pp. 411 et. S – Cuche pp. 229 et s.
\n[(11)]Rev. penit. 1902 pp. 37 et suiv. – Nottamment pp. 192 et s. observations de Mr. Salleiles.<\/p>\n

[(12)] \u0643\u0648\u0634 \u0635\u0640 (239).
\n[(13)] \u0643\u0648\u0634. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 Science p\u00e9nitentiaire ou la p\u00e9nologie \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":84462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[237,12081,3567,1416,6526],"class_list":["post-84449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-237","tag-12081","tag-3567","tag-1416","tag-6526"],"views":559,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84449"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84449\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}