{"id":832,"date":"2016-07-12T12:05:49","date_gmt":"2016-07-12T09:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=832"},"modified":"2017-12-03T02:18:05","modified_gmt":"2017-12-02T23:18:05","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><br \/>\nComparative Law: The Epistemological Aspects<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u062e \/ \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 17 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 18: Bacon, Montesquieu<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 19: \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n\u2022 1900 &#8211; International Congress of Comparative law (Paris):<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 Edward Lambert and Raymond Saleille<br \/>\no \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646.<br \/>\no \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d: \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621 (the universalist thesis).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f pure science\u061f<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a educational discipline\u061f<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a scientific method \u061f<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a A Scientific Method<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 (\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (legal unification)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (legal phenomena): \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a ((sociology of law<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (legal rules)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (National legal systems)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0640\u0631\u064a (Major legal families):<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a (civil law)<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648 (common law)<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a (socialist law)<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (Islamic law)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 (Legal traditions)<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0628 (Convergence) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0641 (Divergence) \u0628\u064a\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0640\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (legal evolution)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a (preparatory works)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (international trade) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a:<br \/>\no UNIDROIT<br \/>\no UNCITRAL<br \/>\n\u2022 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a&#8221; (legal transplant):<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<br \/>\no \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629:<br \/>\n\uf0a7 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\uf0a7 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comparative Law: The Methodological Aspects<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0640\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 (Preliminaries to the Comparative Approach)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f (Defining Methodology)<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Identifying your \u2018main\u2019 jurisdiction)<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u061f (Principal Methodological Hypothesis)<\/p>\n<p>o \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \uf0df &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a (legal transplant in Kuwait)<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \uf0df \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a.<br \/>\no \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \/ \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \/ \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647.<br \/>\no \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a) \uf0df \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \/ \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>o \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646.<br \/>\no \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Literature Review)<br \/>\n\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0640\u0629 (Basis of Comparison: Tertium Comparationis)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 (tertium comparationis).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (macro comparison) \uf0df \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u062e). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 (micro comparison) \uf0df \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642. \u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0640\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 (Comparative Law Methodology)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u2022 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 (Defining Comparative Law)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c\u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \uf0df \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0639 &#8220;\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \uf0df \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 &#8220;\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a&#8221; (discipline) \u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a (method)\u061f<\/p>\n<p>o \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 (problem: lack of a predetermined method) .<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Kamba\u2019s technique of legal comparison):<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>o \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (the description phase) \uf0df \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (the identification phase) \uf0df \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (the explanatory phase) \uf0df \u0639\u0631\u0636\/ \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \/ \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">o \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638: \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0640\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0629&#8221; (The \u2018Functionalist\u2019 Comparison)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221; (micro comparison).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f \uf0df \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 &#8220;\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641&#8221; \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \/ \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629). \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u2022 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a X \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p>b. \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 X \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629).<br \/>\n\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0640\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0640\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0640\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 (Exposition)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 (investigation by sequence) \uf0df \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a (investigation in parallel) \uf0df \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 (combined-methods investigation) \uf0df \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0640\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0640\u0648\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0640\u0629 (Lingual Perspective: Translation)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u2022 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (researcher\u2019s own)<br \/>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (official translation)<br \/>\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (unofficial translation)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \uf0df \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u062e\u0627\u062e&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u2022 Schlesinger \uf0df \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">a. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638 (the literal meaning)\u060c \u062b\u0645<br \/>\nb. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638 (the technical meaning)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0640\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 (Difficulties)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u2022 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 (Source-Related Difficulties)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">o \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\no \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 (case-reporting systems).<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Methodological Difficulties)<\/p>\n<p>o \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>o \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>o \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nChoice of Topic in Comparative Research<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629).<br \/>\n2. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \/ \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062e).<br \/>\n3. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">a. \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \/ \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629) \u060c \u0623\u0648<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">b. \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629. :<br \/>\n5. \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b&#8221;\u060c \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<br \/>\na. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a&#8221; \uf0df \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\n\u2022 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a&#8221; \uf0df \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0649\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0643\u0644.<br \/>\n\u2022 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a&#8221; \uf0df \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">b. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n6. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b &#8211; \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0639 (Further Reading)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1993).<br \/>\n2. \u0637\u0647 \u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1998).<br \/>\n3. \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c 1982).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. Cruz, Peter De, Comparative Law in a Changing World, 2nd edn (London: Cavendish Publishing Ltd, 1999).<\/p>\n<p>2. Djalil I. Kiekbaev, Comparative Law: Method, Science or Educational Discipline?, EGCL, Vol. 7. 3 September 2003, online: &lt;http:\/\/www.ejcl.org\/73\/art73-2.html&gt; (as accessed on 30 November 2004).<\/p>\n<p>3. Mark Van Hoecke, \u201cDeep Level Comparative Law\u201d, European University Institute, online: &lt;http:\/\/www.iue.it\/PUB\/law02-13.pdf&gt; (as accessed on 15 February 2003).<\/p>\n<p>4. Michele Graziadei, \u201cComparative Law, Legal History, and the Holistic Approach to Legal Cultures\u201d, online: &lt;http:\/\/www.jus.unitn.it\/cardozo\/Critica\/Graziadei.htm&gt; (as accessed on 30 November 2004).<\/p>\n<p>5. Zweigert, Konrad, and Hein Kotz, An Introduction to Comparative Law, trans. by Tony Weir, 3rd edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0639\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Preparing the Plan<br \/>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<br \/>\n8. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<br \/>\na. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<br \/>\nb. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u2013 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627:<br \/>\ni. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<br \/>\nii. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621<br \/>\niii. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<br \/>\niv. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n9. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<br \/>\n10. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<br \/>\n11. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627<br \/>\n4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \uf0df \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0648 \u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \uf0df \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a (decimal numbering).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644)<br \/>\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d<br \/>\n5. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<br \/>\n6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<br \/>\n7. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (title page)<br \/>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621<br \/>\n3. \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (contents)<br \/>\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\na. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<br \/>\nb. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u062e).<br \/>\nc. \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\nd. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629: \u062e\u0637\u0629 \/ \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<br \/>\n8. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 (body) \uf0df \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n9. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 (conclusion) \uf0df \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \/ \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \/ \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \/ \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \/ \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<br \/>\n10. \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 (bibliography): \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<br \/>\n11. \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (table of authorities): \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a).<br \/>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<br \/>\n1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c.<br \/>\n2. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646.<br \/>\n3. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<br \/>\na. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \uf0df \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647.<br \/>\nb. \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u064b \uf0df \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0644 # 1 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Outlining)<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0644 # 2 \u2013 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (Title Page)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0639 (Further Reading)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c1997).<br \/>\n5. \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1993).<br \/>\n6. \u0637\u0647 \u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1998).<br \/>\n7. \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c 1982).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. Cruz, Peter De, Comparative Law in a Changing World, 2nd edn (London: Cavendish Publishing Ltd, 1999).<\/p>\n<p>7. Djalil I. Kiekbaev, Comparative Law: Method, Science or Educational Discipline?, EGCL, Vol. 7. 3 September 2003, online: &lt;http:\/\/www.ejcl.org\/73\/art73-2.html&gt; (as accessed on 30 November 2004).<\/p>\n<p>8. Mark Van Hoecke, \u201cDeep Level Comparative Law\u201d, European University Institute, online: &lt;http:\/\/www.iue.it\/PUB\/law02-13.pdf&gt; (as accessed on 15 February 2003).<\/p>\n<p>9. Michele Graziadei, \u201cComparative Law, Legal History, and the Holistic Approach to Legal Cultures\u201d, online: &lt;http:\/\/www.jus.unitn.it\/cardozo\/Critica\/Graziadei.htm&gt; (as accessed on 30 November 2004).<\/p>\n<p>10. Zweigert, Konrad, and Hein Kotz, An Introduction to Comparative Law, trans. by Tony Weir, 3rd edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0640\u0640\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0640\u0640\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Style Conventions for Legal Research<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<br \/>\n\u2022 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b (\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 Simplified Arabic<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u062d\u062c\u0645 12 dpi (Format &gt; Font &gt; Size &gt; 12)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0645 A4<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 2 \u0623\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a (File &gt; Page Setup &gt; Margins)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0631 (Format &gt; Paragraph &gt; Line spacing &gt; Double space)<br \/>\n\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0647<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629)<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\nI. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\nII. = = =<br \/>\n\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0628. = = =<br \/>\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<br \/>\n2. = = =<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 (\u0648\u0635\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<br \/>\n\u2022 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u064d \u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629: Insert &gt; Reference &gt; Footnote)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634: MHRA Style Book .<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 MHRA Style Book:<br \/>\n1. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1982 ).<br \/>\n2. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1959\u060c \u0635 553-620.<br \/>\n3. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\nPeter De Cruz, Comparative Law in a Changing World, 2nd edn (London: Cavendish Publishing Ltd, 1999).<br \/>\n4. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\nAndr\u00e9 Tunc, \u2018Methodology of the Civil Law\u2019, Tulane Law Review, 50, (1975-1976), 459-473.<br \/>\n5. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>Rapha\u00ebl Slama, The Post-Construction Liability and Insurance System in France, online: &lt;http:\/\/www.cibworld.nl\/pages\/ib\/9801\/pages\/9801223.html&gt;, 12\/12\/2002.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647:<br \/>\n\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 333.<br \/>\nTunc, ibid, p. 550.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 (\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633<br \/>\n\u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0635 &#8220;&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \/ \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0627\u064b (\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c<br \/>\n\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634)<br \/>\n\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634.<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br \/>\n\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 Comparative Law: The Epistemological Aspects \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u062e \/ \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 17 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 18: Bacon, Montesquieu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":833,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[31,511,772,320],"class_list":["post-832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-31","tag-511","tag-772","tag-320"],"views":2481,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=832"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}