{"id":8256,"date":"2016-10-25T02:48:16","date_gmt":"2016-10-24T23:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=8256"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:04:11","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:04:11","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0641<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 11<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 14<br \/>\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0640 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 15<br \/>\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 15<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 16<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u061f&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 18<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 18<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062c&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 18<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 19<br \/>\n\u062c \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 20<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 20<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 20<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 21<br \/>\n4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 21<br \/>\n\u062f \u0640 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u061f&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 22<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0640 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 23<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230; 23<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 23<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a &#8221; \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; organiciste&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 24<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 24<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 24<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;,&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 24<br \/>\n3 \u0640 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 25<br \/>\n4 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 26<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 26<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061f&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 26<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 27<br \/>\n3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 27<br \/>\n\u062c \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 28<br \/>\n\u062d \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 29<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 29<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 29<br \/>\n3 \u0640 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 29<br \/>\n4\u0640 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 29<br \/>\n\u062e \u0640 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 30<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a<br \/>\n\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 32<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 37<br \/>\n3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 41<br \/>\n4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 45<br \/>\n5 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 50<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627&#8230;..,&#8230;. 50<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a &#8221; \u0641\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;51<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 53<br \/>\n6\u0640 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 54<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<br \/>\n\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 59<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 59<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 59<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 60<br \/>\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0646\u0634\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 60<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 60<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 60<\/p>\n<p>\u0623 \u0640 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 62<br \/>\n\u0640 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 63<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 63<br \/>\n\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 63<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 63<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;. 63<br \/>\n3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 Machiav\u00e9lisme&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 64<br \/>\n4 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 65<br \/>\n5 \u0640 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u061f&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;65<br \/>\n6 \u0640 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 66<\/p>\n<p>\u0628 \u0640 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 &#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0643\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062a\u064a&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 67<\/p>\n<p>1\u0640 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 67<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230; 67<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (1529\u0640 1596) \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 69<br \/>\n\u0640 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 69<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 69<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 70<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 71<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 71<br \/>\n4 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 73<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 74<br \/>\n\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 74<br \/>\n\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 74<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 75<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u061f&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 76<br \/>\n3 \u0640 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230; 76<br \/>\n4 \u0640 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 76<br \/>\n5\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 77<br \/>\n6 \u0640 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646&#8221; L\u00e9viathan. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 78<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.7 9<br \/>\n\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<br \/>\n1-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a . &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.83<\/p>\n<p>\u0623 \u0640 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 &#8221; Paradigme &#8220;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;. 83<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 83<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 83<br \/>\n\u062b \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 &#8221; \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 84<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 &#8221; \u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 &#8220;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 85<\/p>\n<p>3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631:&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 calviniste.<br \/>\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0640 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 88<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 88<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 &#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644&#8221; Bartole \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 88<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 &#8221; \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646&#8221; Gerson \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. . 89<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. . 89<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;.. 90<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 &#8221; \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0643&#8221; Salamanque&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 90<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 90<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 &#8221; \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221; Vitoria. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 90<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 &#8221; \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062a\u0648&#8221; De Soto. ( 1449\u0640 1560). &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 91<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 &#8221; \u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; Bellarmin. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 91<br \/>\n\u062b \u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627&#8221; Mariana. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 91<br \/>\n\u062c \u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627&#8221; Molina. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 92<br \/>\n\u062d \u0640 &#8221; \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632&#8221; Suarez. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 92<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 : &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221; Thomisme \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 92<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 92<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 93<\/p>\n<p>3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 94<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 94<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 95<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230; 95<br \/>\n\u062b \u0640 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;. 95<br \/>\n4 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 96<br \/>\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;.. 96<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 96<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;.. 97<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 97<br \/>\n3 \u0640 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0637\u064a&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 97<br \/>\n4\u0640 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 97<\/p>\n<p>\u0628 \u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 98<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.98<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230; 98<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;. 99<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 99<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 Puritains. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;.. 100<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 100<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0645 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644&#8221;.. 100<\/p>\n<p>\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 101<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 Common law \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 102<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 102<br \/>\n2\u0640 Edward Coke. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 103<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 104<br \/>\n\u062b \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 Levellers&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. .. 104<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 104<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 105<br \/>\n\u062c \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f Levellers. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 106<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 106<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 106<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 106<\/p>\n<p>\u062d \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 107<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 107<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1660. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 107<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0640 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221;.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 110<br \/>\n\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643<br \/>\n\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 111<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 111<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 111<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 112<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 113<br \/>\n\u0640 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 114<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 115<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 &#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;. 115<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 116<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 116<br \/>\n4 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 116<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 116<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 118<br \/>\n( Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Ferguson, Burke ).<\/p>\n<p>\u0623 \u0640 Mandeville. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 118<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 David Hume . &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 119<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 Ferguson. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 122<br \/>\n\u062b \u0640 Adam Smith. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 123<br \/>\n\u062c \u0640 Edmund Burke. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 125<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<br \/>\n\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0640 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 128<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 128<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 Bentham \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;.. 128<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 129<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 John Stuart Mill. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 131<br \/>\n\u062b \u0640 Herbert Spencer. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 132<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 134<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 134<br \/>\n2 \u0640 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 135<br \/>\n\u0623 \u0640 Karl Popper. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 135<br \/>\n\u0628 \u0640 Micha\u00ebl Polanyi. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 136<br \/>\n\u062a \u0640 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0632&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 138<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u061f&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 143<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 144<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0632&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 145<br \/>\n4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 145<br \/>\n5\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 149<br \/>\n6\u0640 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 150<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<br \/>\n\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u062a&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 153<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 154<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631&#8221;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 154<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 155<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 156<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 156<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;. 157<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. 158<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 158<br \/>\n2\u0640 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 158<br \/>\n3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. 158<br \/>\n4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 158<br \/>\n\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 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Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1970.<br \/>\nNEWMAN, W.L, The Politics of Aristotle, 4 vol. Oxford, 1887-1902.<br \/>\nROMILLY, J.de., La loi dans la pens\u00e9e grecque, des origines \u00e0 Aristote, Paris, Ed.des Belles lettres, 1971.<br \/>\nSINACEUR, M.A., Penser avec Aristote, Toulouse, Er\u00e8s, 1991.<br \/>\nWEIL. R., Aristote et l\u2019histoire, Essai sur la Politique, Paris, Klincksiek, 1960.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (2)<br \/>\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (3)<br \/>\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f 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sibi princeps.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628 \u0640 &#8221; \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646&#8221; Gerson \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Grand Schisme (1378\u06401417)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c Pierre d\u2019Ailly, Francisco Zabarella, Jean Gerson , Nicolas de Tudeschis , Nicolas de Cuse\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221; 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Thomisme \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u060c\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 John Mair\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 Pierre Crockaert (1450\u06401514) \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 Saint-Jacques. \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1509\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 somme th\u00e9ologique \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221; 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\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 Domingo de Soto. \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 &#8220;\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a. \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a). \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628 \u0640 &#8221; \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062a\u0648&#8221; De Soto. ( 1449\u0640 1560).<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u062f &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0643&#8221;. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647.\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221;. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;( \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1540 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 &#8221; \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0644&#8221;)\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0643&#8221; \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 Antonio Possevino (1534\u06401611)\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 Robert Bellarmin ( 1542\u06401621)\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 Luis de Molina (1535\u06401600)\u060c Juan de Mariana (1535\u06401624)\u060c \u0648 Francisco Suarez ( 1548\u06401617).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a \u0640 &#8221; \u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; Bellarmin.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a Louvain \u0639\u0627\u0645 1570\u060c\u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1576. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642&#8221;\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 mediante consensu hominum. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a &#8220;\u062d\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b \u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627&#8221; Mariana.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 &#8221; Alcal\u00e1&#8221;. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1554\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a Coll\u00e8ge Romain \u0639\u0627\u0645 1561.\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 ( Isidore de S\u00e9ville)\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1592 \u0648 1598)\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; Erasme\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a Erasme ( 1469\u06401536) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 &#8220;\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646&#8221;. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c \u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627&#8221; Molina.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0643&#8221; \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a &#8221; Alcal\u00e1&#8221;. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 Evora \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1571. \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062d \u0640 &#8221; \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632&#8221; Suarez.<\/strong><br 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c Eus\u00e8be Philadelphe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vindiciae contra Tyrannos.<br \/>\n\u0640 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060cEtienne Junius.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f&#8221; \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646 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\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u062d \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646. <\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646:<br \/>\n1649\u06401660 ( Marchmont Nedham, John Milton, James Harrington).<br \/>\n1675\u0640 1683 ( Henry Neville, Algernon Sidney).<br \/>\n1690\u0640 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f ( Robert Molesworth, Walter Moyle, John Trenchard, John Toland, Andrew Fletcher).<br \/>\n\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u060c\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u060c\u0623\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1649.\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 &#8220;\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644&#8221; 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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 &#8220;\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644&#8221; gouvernment of laws, not of men . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; 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\u0643\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0645 : Two Ttreatises on Civil Gouvernment\u060c \u0648 Discourses Concerning Gouvernment of Sidney\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1680\u06401683 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a 1698.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 Sidney\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u062d\u0636\u0647 Filmer \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u0627\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:&#8221; 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Whig \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 :<br \/>\n\u0640 Memoirs d\u2019Edmund Ludlow \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0640 Historical and Political Works of Milton.<br \/>\n\u0640 Discourses of Sidney.<br \/>\n\u0640 Plato redivivus of Neville and Harrington.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 : John Trenchad \u0648 Thomas Gordon \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 The Independant Whig &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a Fletcher \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 David Hume \u0648 Adam Smith. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644&#8221;. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221; rule of law\u060c\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 &#8221; \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0640 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1 \u0640 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1685\u060c \u0623\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 &#8220;\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0642 York\u060c\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1688\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 Guillaume d\u2019Orange\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 Marie \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Guillaume \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;. Guillaume \u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1689.\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647 Bill of Rights \u0623\u0648 &#8221; \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642&#8221; \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1689 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0639\u0642\u062f&#8221; \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 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\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0633\u0645\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 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\/>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a John Stuart Mill. \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1806\u060c\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 James Mill \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f&#8221; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628 \u0640 Micha\u00ebl Polanyi ( 1891\u06401976).<br \/>\n\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 (1933\u06401948)\u060c\u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (1948\u06401958) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c\u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 : The Contempt of Freedom (1940)\u060c Atomic Reaction (1933)\u060c Sience, Faith and Society (1946)\u060c Fulle Employment and free Trade (1948)\u060c The Logic of Liberty (1951)\u060c The study of Man (1958)\u060c Personal Knowledge (1958)\u060c The Tacit Dimension (1955)\u060c Knowing and Being (1966).<br \/>\n\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a&#8221; The Logic of Liberty \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1942 \u0648 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Armand Colain, Paris, 1992, \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 6-7 .<br \/>\n1\u0640 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0641\u060c &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 13 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2007\u060c\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>[3] &#8211; Dimitri Georges Lavroff, \u00ab Les grandes \u00e9tapes de la pens\u00e9e politique \u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) , \u00e9d. Dalloz, Paris, 1999, \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 28 \u064032<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 [ \u0644: 11]. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 34.[4]<\/p>\n<p>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 35. Dimitri Georges Lavroff \u0640 [5]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646\u060c&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633.[6]<\/p>\n<p>[7] \u0640 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 : 1\u0640 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.2\u0640&#8221;\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 &#8220;Gallimard&#8221;\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629).3\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c PUF\u060c1970. 4\u0640 &#8221; \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 Plon\u060c 1956\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0624\u0647&#8221;\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 Seuil\u060c 1979. 5\u0640 &#8221; \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. 6\u0640 &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 Payot\u060c 1953.<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.[8]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 14.[9]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 1.[10]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 55 \u064077.[11]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 12.[12]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1.[13]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 10.[14]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 4.[15]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 11.[16]<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 11\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 19.[17]<\/p>\n<p>[18] &#8211; George H. SABINE, A History of Political Theory, Chicago, 1973, chap. 18.<\/p>\n<p>[19] &#8211; Philippe NEMO, Histoire des id\u00e9es politiques aux Temps modernes et contemporains, puf, Paris, 2003, P. 39.<br \/>\n1 \u0640 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951 \u0648 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0640 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c&#8221;\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631&#8221;\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1935\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.[21]<\/p>\n<p>[22]- Philippe NEMO, Histoire des id\u00e9es politiques , \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 47.<\/p>\n<p>[23] &#8211; \u00ab Le prince \u00bb, XV, p. 335.<\/p>\n<p>[24] &#8211; in \u00ab The Foundation of Moderne Political Thought \u00bb, Volume two, The Age of Reformation, Cambridge University Press, 1978.<\/p>\n<p>[25] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 Yves Charles Zarka\u060c &#8221; \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 : \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 PUF\u060c1996\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 233\u0640244. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Julian H.Franklin \u060c&#8221; \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973.<br \/>\n[26] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632&#8221; \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631Sirey \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c1971.<\/p>\n<p>[27] \u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 De Cive &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 124.<\/p>\n<p>[28] \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 125.<\/p>\n<p>[29] \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 17\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 173.<\/p>\n<p>[30] \u0640 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 &#8221; \u0645\u0646 Gerson \u0625\u0644\u0649 Grotius &#8220;\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 John V. Figgis &#8221; Studies of Political Thought from Gerson to Grotius&#8221; \u060c\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c 1907. \u0623\u0645\u0627 &#8221; Gerson&#8221; ( 1363 \u0640 1405) \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648 &#8220;Grotius&#8221; (1583 \u06401645) \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>[31] \u0640 &#8221; Constance&#8221;: \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a (1414 \u0640 1418)\u060c \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 &#8220;1688&#8221;: \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>[32] \u0640 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1468 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1550. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1506. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1518\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>[33] \u0640 ( 1480\u06401515). \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a. \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>[34] &#8211; Marjorie Grice \u2013 HUTCHINSON, \u00ab The School of Salamanca : Reading in Spanich Monetary Theory 1544-1605, ( 1950); early Economic Thought in Spain: 1177-1740, (1978); Economic Thought in Spain, selected essays edited with an introduction by Laurence S. Moss and Christopher K. Ryan, Edward Elgar, Aldershot, Vermont, 1993.<\/p>\n<p>[35] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 Christiane Fr\u00e9mont\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 Fayard\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1991. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u060c&#8221; \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 Robert M. Kingdon\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b &#8220;\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 Droz\u060c 1970.<\/p>\n<p>[36] \u0640 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 : \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c&#8221;\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649&#8221;\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 Armand Colin\u060c 1980\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 &#8221; \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1971. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c Barry Coward , and Chris Durston\u060c \u00ab The English revolution \u00bb, London, 1997.<br \/>\n[37] \u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 David Wootton \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8221; Divine Right and Democracy&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 168\u0640171.<\/p>\n<p>[38] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c &#8221; le droit anglais&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 PUF\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c 2001.<\/p>\n<p>[39] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c George H. sabine and Thomas L. Thorson, \u00ab A history of Political Theory \u00bb, Winston, 1973, p.418.<\/p>\n<p>[40] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c Wootton\u060c&#8221; Divine Right and Democracy&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 283\u0640285.<\/p>\n<p>[41] &#8211; F. A. Hayek , \u00ab New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas \u00bb, London and Henley, Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, 1978, p. 260-261.<br \/>\n[42] \u0640 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0647\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989.<\/p>\n<p>[43] &#8211; George H. Sabine, \u00ab A History of Political Theory \u00bb, op. cit., p.558.<br \/>\n[44] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c Thomas Kuhan\u060c&#8221; \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 &#8220;Flammarion&#8221;\u060c 1983.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 11 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 14 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0640 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 15 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 15 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[204,2918,2781,4651],"class_list":["post-8256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-204","tag-2918","tag-2781","tag-4651"],"views":1929,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8256"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8256\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}