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\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. .<\/p>\n \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u060c\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636\u060c \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n [1] – F. Michaut : \u00ab Le droit dans tous ses \u00e9tats \u00e0 travers l\u2019\u0153uvre de Robert M. Cover \u00bb, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris, 2001, P :19<\/p>\n [2] – J.C. Billier et A. Maryoili : \u00ab Histoire de la philosophie du droit \u00bb, Armand colin, Paris, 2001, p :195.<\/p>\n [3]- \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f3\u060c \u0635:16.<\/p>\n [4]- \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a: “\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c 1984 \u0635:8.<\/p>\n [5] – A. de Theu, I. Kovalovszky et N. Bernard : \u00ab Pr\u00e9cis de m\u00e9thodologie juridique, les sources documentaires du droit \u00bb, publications des facult\u00e9s universitaires, Saint-louis, Bruxelles, 2000, p :33.<\/p>\n [6] – \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635: 16.<\/p>\n [7] – F. Terr\u00e9 : \u00ab Introduction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale au droit \u00bb, Dalloz, Paris, 2006, p :237.<\/p>\n [8]- G.D. Genevi\u00e8ve : \u00ab Institutions judiciaires et juridictionnelles \u00bb, Paris, 1987, p :45.<\/p>\n [9]- \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646: “\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f2\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004\u060c \u0635:53.<\/p>\n [10]- \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627: “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f2\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1983\u060c \u0635:7-8.<\/p>\n [11]- \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: “\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f”\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a2005\u060c \u0635: 686-687.<\/p>\n [12] – \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 : “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645”\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0635:19.<\/p>\n [13] – P. Estoupe: “La pratique des Jugement en mati\u00e8re civil”, 2\u00e8me \u00e9dition, litec, 1990, p:61.<\/p>\n [14] \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0633\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1987\u060c \u0635 : 19<\/p>\n [15] \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 doing bussness 2004 \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n M . Ponthoreau \u00ab la concurrence entre common law et droit civil \u00bb colloque de lyon 20 octobre 2006 P\/ 35<\/p>\n [16] \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646;<\/p>\n 1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Magistrat court\u061b<\/p>\n 2- \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c Crawn Court \u061b.<\/p>\n 3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 Hight Court.\u061b<\/p>\n 4- \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 Court of appeals\u061b<\/p>\n 5- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n .[17] \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 : \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n \u0623- \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631<\/p>\n \u0628- \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062c- \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 : \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n [18] – \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0634\u060c “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u060c2002\u060c \u0635:183.<\/p>\n [19] – \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635:161.<\/p>\n [20] – F. Michant: “Le r\u00f4le cr\u00e9ateur du Juge selon l’\u00e9cole de la sociological Jurisprudence et le mouvement r\u00e9aliste am\u00e9ricain. Le Juge et la r\u00e8gle de droit”, Revue internationale de droit compar\u00e9, Ann\u00e9e 1987, volume39. N\u00b02 . P:371<\/p>\n [21] – M. Coipel, \u201cessai sur le pouvoir createur et normatif\u201dparis 1974, p:30.<\/p>\n [22]- S. Belaid, \u201cles reactions de la doctrine et la creation de droit par les juges en droit civil\u201d \u00e9dition economica 1982, p : 323.<\/p>\n [23] – \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n [24] – S.Belaid, op cit, p: 322.<\/p>\n [25] \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2006 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n “Le principe de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique que les citoyens soient, sans que cela appelle de leur part des efforts insurmontables, en mesure de d\u00e9terminer ce qui est d\u00e9fendu par le droit applicable ,pour parvenir a ce r\u00e9sultat, les normes \u00e9dict\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre claires et intelligibles et ne pas \u00eatre soumises, des le temps, a des variations trop fr\u00e9quentes, ni surtout impr\u00e9visible-“<\/p>\n \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0629 “\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 42 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2009 \u060c \u06353 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n [26] – \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a: “\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371983\u060c \u0635:57 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n [27] – \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 2\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u06212\u060c \u060c \u0635: 187 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n [28] – \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 415 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18\/03\/1986\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 98703\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642: “\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 1999\u060c \u0635:246.<\/p>\n [29] \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 : \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0629 “\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a” \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 21 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n [30]- P. Deumier \u00abcr\u00e9ation du droit et r\u00e9daction des arr\u00eats par la cour de cassation \u00bb dalloz 2007, p 56.<\/p>\n [31] – \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1975\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a 09 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 1975\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 1152 \u06481231\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n – J.L. Evade: “la r\u00e9duction des clauses p\u00e9nales excessives. A propos de la loi du 09 juillet 1975 modifiant les arts. 1152 et 1231 du code civil sur la clause p\u00e9nale”, Gazette du palais, 9-10 juillet 1976, p:5.<\/p>\n – G. Hubrecht: “La revisibilit\u00e9 judiciaire des clauses p\u00e9nales (loi n\u00b075-597 du 9 juillet 1975), Gazette du palais, 18-20 janvier 1976, p:2.<\/p>\n – G. Paisant: “Dix ans d’application de la r\u00e9forme des articles 1152 et1231 du code civil relative \u00e0 la clause p\u00e9nale”, Revue trimestrielle de droit civil, n\u00b04,1984-1985, p:647.<\/p>\n – \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f 977 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 -04-1991 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 3374 \/85[32]<\/p>\n [33] – \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a: “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646”\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f10\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994\u060c \u0635: 89 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n – \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0634: “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f …”\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 1996 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0635: 124 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n [34] – \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.95.157\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1416 (11 \u063a\u0634\u062a 1995)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 95.27\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 4323\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 1416 (6 \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 1995)\u060c \u0635: 2443\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 264 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: “…\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 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[39]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645 24 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2010\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0640\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0640\u0627\u064a 2011]. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":82361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3537,39,3552],"tags":[729,81,280,8731,38,730],"class_list":["post-82360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3537","category-39","category-3552","tag-729","tag-81","tag-280","tag-8731","tag-38","tag-730"],"views":1484,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82360"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82360\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}