{"id":78009,"date":"2017-08-24T07:34:36","date_gmt":"2017-08-24T04:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=78009"},"modified":"2017-12-03T06:36:37","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T03:36:37","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/span><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1856\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1863\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1864\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1868\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1874\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1899\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1907\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

Summary<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

We dealt in this research the non-international of the historical development of the armed conflicts, according to the terms of the international and legal agreements, starting with the Declaration of Paris of 1856, and the law of \u201cLibre\u201d of 1863, and Geneva Agreement of 1864, and then Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868 and the draft declaration of Brussels of 1874 , then the Hague peace Conference of 1899, and the second Hague Conference of 1907, and finally the Geneva four Conventions and the additional Protocols of 1977.<\/p>\n

Then the search discussed the concept of the non-international armed conflicts, as percommon Article \/ 3 to the Geneva four Conventions and theadditional second Protocol of 1977, as well according to Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and as per the judiciary and the law in this regard.<\/p>\n

Finally, the concept of the civilian population and the distinction between them and the fighters were discussed, and how to distinguish them from other groups participating in the armed conflicts.<\/p>\n

The scale of assessments for the protection of civilians under Geneva four Conventions and their two Additional Protocols and the International Criminal Court, are as follows:<\/p>\n

Prohibition targeting the civilians during the fighting.<\/span>
\n Inadmissibility of using the civilians as human shields.<\/span>
\n Inadmissibility of starving civilians.<\/span>
\n The Right of foreigners for departures in and out from the territory of the parties conflict.<\/span>
\n The right to fair treatment.<\/span>
\n Inadmissibility of coercion at work.<\/span>
\n Inadmissibility of collective punishment.<\/span>
\n Arrest civilians or imposition house arrest on them.<\/span>
\n Provide treatment to the wounded civilians and take care of them.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/span>
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\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0628([1]).<\/p>\n

1- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1856 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0649([2]).<\/p>\n

2- \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u201d \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1863 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628([3]).<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1864 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0643\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645([4]).<\/p>\n

4- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1868 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0649 \u0642\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a 400 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0649 1899- 1907([5]).<\/p>\n

5- \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1874 (La declaration de Proxel):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1874 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u201c\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646([6]).<\/p>\n

6- \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1899 (La conference de La Haye):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1899 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u201c\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u201d([7]).<\/p>\n

7- \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1907 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627([8]).<\/p>\n

8- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646([9]). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a 6 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1864\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1864 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1925\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1929\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0649 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/span>
\n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 : \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 .<\/span>
\n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 : \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a 10 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a 10 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1977 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 :<\/span><\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/span><\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1\/2 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646<\/strong> <\/span>:\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647([27]) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649<\/span> <\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \/3 \u0623\u0646 :<\/span>\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\/3 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/span>\u201d\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\/51 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1977 \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633([30]). \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629([31]).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 35\u060c48 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f. \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- 2015.
\n\u062f. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629- 2005.
\n\u062f. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 2007.
\n\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0649\u2013 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649-\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- 2003.
\n\u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649- 1982.
\n\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649- \u0623\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u2013 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005.
\n\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u2013 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 1997.
\n\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629- 2002.
\n\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a- \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646- \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633- 1997.
\n\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0628\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628- \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629- 2005.
\n\u062f. \u0645\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629- 2008.
\n\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0649- \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Doty (R) \u2013 The united States and the development of the laws of land warfare \u2013 military law rebiew \u2013 vol 156 (1998).<\/span>
\n Normand (R).The legitimation of violence: A critical history of thw law of war, harv. 1994.<\/span>
\n Fran\u00e7ois saint\u2013 bommet,\u00abguerre civile et guerre \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans la doctrine du second XVI si\u00e8cle\u00bb,revue\u066c fran\u00e7ais de philosophie et de culture juridique, pens\u00e9e pratique de guerre, puf. concour de centre de Nation de livre \u066c<\/span>
\n International Institute of Humanitarian Law, The Manual on the Law of Non-International Armed Conflict, International Institute of Humanitarian Law, San Remo, 2006.<\/span>
\n Pictet ,the geneve conventions of 12 August 1949 \u2013 Commentary on the Iv Geneve convention relutive to the protection of civilian persons in times of war (Geneva :ICRC ,1958)<\/span>
\n Sylvain VITE, \u00abTypology of armed conflicts in international p 81 humanitarian law: legal concepts and actual situation\u00bb\u066c VOL:91, N 873,March 2009.<\/span>
\n Rousseau (CH), Le Droit des conflits Armes, Prdone 1983.<\/span>
\n International committee of Red cross (ICRC) ,How is theTerm \u201cArme conflict\u201d, Defined in International Humaitarian law, Opinion paper, March 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n

([1]) \u062f. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 2007- \u0635 26.<\/p>\n

([2]) \u062f.\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0649\u2013 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649-\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- 2003-\u0635 46.<\/p>\n

([3]) Captain. Doty (R) \u2013 The united States and the development of the laws of land warfare \u2013 military law rebiew \u2013 vol 156 (1998)- p 227.<\/span><\/p>\n

([4]) \u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649- 1982- \u0635 7.<\/p>\n

([5]) Captain. Doty (R) \u2013 op. cit. P 227.<\/p>\n

([6]) \u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0635 42.<\/p>\n

([7]) \u062f. \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- 2015 \u2013 \u0635 35.<\/p>\n

([8]) Normand (R).The legitimation of violence: A critical history of thw law of war, harv. 1994. P 56.<\/span><\/p>\n

([9]) \u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0635 43.<\/p>\n

([10]) \u062f. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u2013 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005- \u0635 267 : 268.<\/p>\n

([11]) \u062f. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0635 56.<\/p>\n

([12])Fran\u00e7ois saint \u2013bommet, \u00ab guerre civile et guerre \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans la doctrine du second XVI si\u00e8cle \u00bb,revue\u066c fran\u00e7ais de philosophie et de culture juridique, pens\u00e9e pratique de guerre, puf. concour de centre de Nation de livre \u066c2008, p55.<\/span><\/p>\n

([13])International Institute of Humanitarian Law, The Manual on the Law of Non-International Armed Conflict, International Institute of Humanitarian Law, San Remo, 2006, p. 2,<\/span><\/p>\n

([14]) \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f- \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 1997 \u2013 \u0635 88.<\/p>\n

([15]) \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

([16]) \u062f. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u062a\u0644\u0645- \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629- 2005 , \u063538 .<\/p>\n

([17]) \u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0644\u0645- \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629- 2002 \u2013 \u0635166.<\/p>\n

([18]) \u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0649- \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a- \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646- \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633- 1997- \u063532.<\/p>\n

([19]) \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a , \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631.<\/p>\n

J.Pictet ,the geneve conventions of 12 August 1949 \u2013 Commentary on the Iv Geneve convention relutive to the protection of civilian persons in times of war (Geneva :ICRC ,1958), PP.35-36.<\/p>\n

([20]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1\/1) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977.<\/p>\n

([21]) \u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u063539.<\/p>\n

([22])International committee of Red cross (ICRC) ,How is theTerm \u201cArme conflict\u201d, Defined in International Humaitarian law ,Opinion paper, March , 2008 ,p5<\/p>\n

([23]) \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0628\u0644\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628- \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629- 2005- \u0635 94 :95.<\/p>\n

([24])International committee of Red cross (ICRC), op .cit .p5.<\/p>\n

([25]) \u062f. \u0645\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646- \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629- 2008 \u2013 \u063544:45.<\/p>\n

([26]) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (8\/2\/\u0648) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 ( \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

([27]) Sylvain VITE, \u00abTypology of armed conflicts in international p 81 humanitarian law: legal concepts and actual situation\u00bb\u066c VOL: 91, N\u00b0 873, March2009, p 81.<\/p>\n

([28]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\/ 142 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

([29]) Rousseau (CH), Le Droit des conflits Armes, Prdone (1983), P 67.<\/p>\n

([30]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 85\/1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 1949.<\/p>\n

([31]) \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0649 \u2013 \u0635 166.<\/p>\n

([32]) \u062f. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0635 76.<\/p>\n

([33]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\/75 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0641.<\/p>\n

([34]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \/ 77 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

([35]) Captain. Doty (R) \u2013 op. cit. P 205.<\/p>\n

([36]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\/18 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\/12 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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