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\n
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\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 482 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a : \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 482 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 : (\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u201d<\/span>.([10])<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0623\u0645 \u201c\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d \u061f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645.\u0627.\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u2026 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627.. \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 481 \u0645\u0646 \u0645.\u0627.\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 481 \u0645\u0646 \u0645.\u0627.\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 d\u00e9finitif \u0623\u064a \u201c\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u201d<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u201d<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u201d<\/span>.<\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 d\u00e9finitif \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u201c\u0625\u0630 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u201d<\/span>.([11])<\/p>\n Pour avoir autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e, il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire que le jugement soit irr\u00e9vocable, c.\u00e0.d qu\u2019il ne soit plus susceptible de faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une voie de recours. Cette pr\u00e9cision est d\u2019autant plus utile qu\u2019il r\u00e8gne en la mati\u00e8re une terminologie trompeuse au point que la jurisprudence s\u2019y m\u00e9prend parfois.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Jurisdictio \u2013 la juridiction contentieuse \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 Imperium \u2013 la juridiction gracieuse.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062c\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627.([13])<\/p>\n \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a (\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644) \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a (\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062b\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f 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\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n * \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n 3 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651.<\/span><\/p>\n 4 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n \u0623 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 :<\/strong><\/p>\n \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0651 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\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0623\u0646 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\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a).<\/p>\n \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u201d Solus et Perrot([32]) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 480 \u0648481 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 L\u2019autorit\u00e9 que la loi attribue \u00e0 la chose jug\u00e9e.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 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\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0647\u201d.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n \u0628 \u2013 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 :<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 1) \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 :<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 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\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 443 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n 2) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 solennit\u00e9 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 authenticit\u00e9.<\/p>\n 3) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Les actes juridictionnels \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n 4) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0645 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\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u201d<\/span>.([41])<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 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\n \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d<\/span>.
\n\u2013 \u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a :<\/p>\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645.([23])<\/p>\n
\n\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n