{"id":7782,"date":"2016-10-18T23:02:02","date_gmt":"2016-10-18T20:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=7782"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:00:22","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:00:22","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b6-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b6-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0640 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0640 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0640 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0649\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064b: \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/strong>
\n1 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629.
\n2 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\n3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631.
\n4 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong>
\n1 \u0640 \u0639\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n2 \u0640 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.
\n3 \u0640 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 (La r\u00e9paration ) \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636” \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647: \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b: \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636 ( ).<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 ” \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636” \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( ). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 ( ). <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 ” \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629”( )\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 ” \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631” ( ). \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627( ).
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 ( ).
\n\u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 ” \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647” ( ). \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 ” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 ” \ufb8b \ufb5a \ufb5b \ufb5c \ufb5d \ufb5e \ufb5f \ufb60 \ufb61 \ufb62 \ufb63 \ufb64 \ufb65 \ufb66 \ufb67\ufb68 \ufb69 \ufb6a \ufb6b \ufb6c \ufb6d \ufb6e \ufb6f \ufb70 \ufb71 \ufb72 \ufb73\ufb74 \ufb75 \ufb76 \ufb77 \ufb78 \ufb79 \ufb7a \ufb7b \ufb7c \ufb7d \ufb7e \ufb7f \ufb8a . ( )<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \uf074 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0640 \uf072 \u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646” ( ). \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0640 \uf074 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0640 \uf072 \u0640 \u0642\u0627\u0644 ” \u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631” ( ). \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 ( ). \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0640 \uf074\u0645\u0627 \u0640 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0640 \uf072 \u0640: (\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646)( ). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647( ). \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647. \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0626\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 ( ).
\n\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0642 ( ). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 ” \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646”:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623 \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631:<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: (163) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a ( ) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646” \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636”. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 164 \u0625\u0644\u0649 178 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (28) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 ( ) \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646” \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636”.<\/p>\n

\u062c \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627:<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 (1382-1383):
\nart: 1382 \u00abtout fait quelconque de l\u2019homme\u060cqui cause \u00e0 autrui un dommage\u060coblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrive \u00e0 le r\u00e9parer”,
\nart: 1383\u060c \u00abChacun est responsable du dommage qu\u2019il acaus\u00e9 non seulement par son fait mais encore par n\u00e9gligence ou par son imprudence ”
\n\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \/1382\/: \u00ab \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u00bb. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \/1383\/: \u00ab \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u00bb. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 ( ). \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 ” \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0629”( ).<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636” \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a” \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623” \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644 ” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 ” \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623” (La faute) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u064b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 ( ).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d: \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 ( ).
\n\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0625\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644: ( ) \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u062d: \u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641.\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628:\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b ( ).<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 ( ). \u0623\u0648 “\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 “( ). \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 “\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647”.( ) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647” \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641” ( ). \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648 ( ) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647:
\n“La faut quasi \u2013 d\u00e9lictuelle est une erreur de conduite telle qu\u2019elle n’aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 commise par une personne avis\u00e9e plac\u00e9e dans les m\u00e9mes circonstances ext\u00e9rnes que l’auteur du dommage”
\n\u00ab \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u00bb \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642( ).
\n“La faute est un manquement \u00e0 une obligation pr\u00e9existante”. Donc: on peut dire que la faute du medecin est une erreur de conduite que n’aurait pas commise un medecin avis\u00e9 plac\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9me conditions externes que le defendeur.
\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u061f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636” ( ).
\n\u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636. \u0623\u0648 \u00ab \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u00bb \u0623\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636” \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a” \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623” \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644 ” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 ” \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623” (La faute) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u064b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 ( ).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d: \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 ( ).
\n\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0625\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644: ( ) \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u062d: \u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641.\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628:\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b ( ).<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 ( ). \u0623\u0648 “\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 “( ). \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 “\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647”.( ) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647” \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641” ( ). \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648 ( ) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647:
\n“La faut quasi \u2013 d\u00e9lictuelle est une erreur de conduite telle qu\u2019elle n’aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 commise par une personne avis\u00e9e plac\u00e9e dans les m\u00e9mes circonstances ext\u00e9rnes que l’auteur du dommage”
\n\u00ab \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u00bb \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642( ).
\n“La faute est un manquement \u00e0 une obligation pr\u00e9existante”. Donc: on peut dire que la faute du medecin est une erreur de conduite que n’aurait pas commise un medecin avis\u00e9 plac\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9me conditions externes que le defendeur.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u061f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636” ( ).<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0622: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0648 ” \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631”. \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631”( ). \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 ” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647” ( ). \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621( ) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a ” \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647”. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d. \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629: ” \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643” ( ). \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623, \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646.
\n2 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0637\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b:\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a ( ):<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

1 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627: ( actuel et certain ) <\/strong><\/em>
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2\u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b: <\/strong><\/em>
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3-\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 ( ):<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628( ).
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u2013 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u2013\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

1 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629)( ) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647.
\n2 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629)( ) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631.
\n3 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629) ( ) \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u064b\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.
\n4 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 ( ) \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644 ( ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a:
\n“C\u2019est donc\u060c surtout par sentiment que l\u2019on dira si une faute ant\u00e9cedent neccessaire du dommage\u060c en est un trop lointain pour entranter la responsabilit\u00e9”
\n\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0647 ( ) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u00ab\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u00bb. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:
\n“EN r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la causalit\u00e9 du dommage ne peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rlaement resulter pour le juge que presomptions et d\u2019indices suffisament concordants et pr\u00e9cis”.
\n\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.
\n“La causalit\u00e9 n’est pas quelque chose qui se voit ou qui se touche, mais un rapport qui se deduit des circonstances de fait par une op\u00e9ration de l\u2019esprit”.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u00ab \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631. \u0641\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u00bb. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628( ).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1926 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (171) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646:
\n1- \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b.
\n2- \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\n1 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a: Ex\u00e9cution direct))
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u00ab \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u00bb. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628)\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u061b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:
\n1-\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629.
\n2-\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.
\n\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 ) \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646:
\n1-\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 ) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.
\n2-\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061f
\n\u0648\u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (171) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (Dation en paiement). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c (Ex\u00e9cution direct) \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (239) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (171) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00ab \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u00bb ( ).<\/p>\n

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2 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (Astreintes ):<\/strong>
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\n1-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a Comminatoire)). \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0643\u0630\u0627) \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627:
\n\u200c\u0623 – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646.
\n\u200c\u0628 – \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645.
\n\u200c\u062c – \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647.
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a (Provisoire ): \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629.
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a (.(Arbitrair \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 (\u062c\u0644\u0637\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0640 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 ) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/span><\/strong>
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 163\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: 221\/1\/2 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0636\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647” :
\n\u200c\u0623 – \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644.
\n\u200c\u0628 – \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f.
\n\u200c\u062c – \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a:
\n1- \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 La perte subie) ).
\n2- \u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628 ((La gain manque.
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u064b ( ) \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b: \u00ab \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u00bb. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 ( )\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635:
\n“Toutes les pertes\u060ctous les dommages\u060cqui peuvent arriver par le fait de quelque Personne\u060csoit imprudence\u060cl\u00e9geret\u00e9 ignorance de ce qu\u2019on doit savoir, ou autres fautes semblaples, quelque l\u00e9g\u00e9res qu’elles soient doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9par\u00e9es par celui dont l\u2019imprudence ou autre faute y a donn\u00e9 lieu”
\n\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u00ab \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n1- \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 ( ): \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0631\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0635\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627.
\n2- \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ” \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643”( ): \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0635\u0628- \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627”. \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0627.\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 ( ): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0628.
\n3- \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c ( ): \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0649: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649: \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631.\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u0628\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0635\u0648\u0628.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646: \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0632.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639: \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 ( ): \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.
\n4- \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 ( ): \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649: \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n

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“L\u2019indemnit\u00e9 n\u00e9sessaire pour compenser le pr\u00e9judice doit \u00eatre calcul\u00e9e sur la valeur du dommage au jour du jugement ou de l’arret qui consacre la creance indemnitaire de la victime”.
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628. <\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b( ).
\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0646\u0640\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0640\u0631\u0631: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631(dommage direct) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631(dommage indirect). <\/strong><\/em>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645.
\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0625\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628) \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639. <\/strong><\/em>
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\n\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636: <\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0647. \u0641\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0644\u0644. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 :(169) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: \u00ab\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u00bb. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u0649 ( ):
\n“Chacune des personnes qui ont participe au d\u00e9lit est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant\u00e9 intividuellement l’auteur du dommage qu’elle caus\u00e9e et se doit par cons\u00e9quent a la repartion integrale”
\n\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: “Entre chaque faute et la totalit\u00e9 du dommage une relation directe et n\u00e9cessaire”.
\n\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646: Chacun est tenu au tout parce que” chacun est cause du tout”.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646:
\n\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:
\n1-\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b: \u0641\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.
\n2-\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646.
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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0626\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. <\/strong><\/span>
\n1 \u0640 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623, \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646.
\n2 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\n3 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647.
\n4 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\n5 \u0640 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.
\n6\u0640 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u063a\u0634\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a. <\/strong><\/span>
\n1\u0640 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636).
\n2\u0640 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062c\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.
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\n\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 ” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a” \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629”. \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a. . .
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646
\n\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1392\u0647\u0640 1972\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0640 2.
\n\uf0a7 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0640 19. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637, \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u06404.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 817\u0647\u0640 \u0637\/\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639, \u062c7\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 204\u0647\u0640 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\/6\/166.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0640 2 \u0635 232 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 683\u0647\u0640 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1403\u0647\u0640.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 953\u0647\u0640 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.
\n\uf0a7 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646, \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 751\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 1388\u0647\u0640 1968\u0645.
\n\uf0a7 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0633\u0646\u0629 1405\u0647\u0640 \u062c\u0640 2.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a, \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a, 1358\u0647\u0640.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a, \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 630\u0647\u0640 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631, 1367\u0647\u0640, \u062c6.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1399\u0647\u0640 \u06401979 \u0645 \u062c\u0640 1.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1088\u0647\u0640, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0631. , \u062c4.
\n\uf0a7 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 (\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646) \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1252\u0647\u0640 \u0637\/ \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 1404\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1984, \u062c5.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 897\u0647\u0640 \u0637\/\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1412\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1992\u0645. \u062c6.
\n\uf0a7 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643. \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1241\u0647\u0640 \u0637\/ \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.
\n\uf0a7 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c, \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1004\u0647\u0640 \u0637\/\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629, 1404\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1984\u0645,. \u062c4.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. 1410\u0647\u0640 1990\u0645.
\n\uf0a7 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0640 \u063710 1387\u0647\u0640 \u062c\u0640 2.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c 1971.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a, \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0637 1. 1954\u0645.
\n\uf0a7 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u06372, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1898\u0645.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1964.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a. 2002, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. 1956, \u062c\u06402.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0635. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a, 1971\u0645 \u062c\u0640 1.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a. \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1978 \u062c\u06401.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 1990 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a, \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, 1996.
\n\uf0a7 \u0640 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 1993,\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a, \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1952.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629, 1976.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1425\u0647\u0640 \u0640 2004\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.
\n\uf0a7 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0646\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2008, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. 2006\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621, 2006 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.
\n\uf0a7 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0629 1397\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1977\u0645. \u0635427.
\n\uf0a7 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 13 \u0631\u0642\u0645 106\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 11 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a.
\n\uf0a7 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631.
\n\uf0a7 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004.
\n\uf0a7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645 \/3 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1409\u0647\u0640.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\nBIBLIOGRAPHIE
\nDomat(J). Les lois civiles dans leurs orders naturels. 1745 livre II. Lalou (H): La responsabilit\u00e9 civile Paris 1955.
\nMazeaud (H et L): Trait\u00e9 th\u00e9orique et partique de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile d\u00e9licelle et contactuelle. T. 1,6ed,T. 2,5ed,T. 3,ed. 1965.
\nPlaniol: Trait\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de droit civil. t. II. 3e ed, 1919. 4e ed. 1952. par polanger.
\nSavatier (R). Trait\u00e9 ds la r\u00e9sponsabilit\u00e9 civile\u060c 2e ed. T2, 1951. Cass. civil. f. 15\/6\/1943\/ Dalloz. sirey. 1944
\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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