{"id":77166,"date":"2017-08-17T11:12:53","date_gmt":"2017-08-17T08:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=77166"},"modified":"2017-12-03T06:35:59","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T03:35:59","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cultural Genocide in Public International Law\/study the international jurisdiction<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0640\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a[1]<\/span>
\nAbstract<\/span><\/span>
\nMany cultural minorities around the world are exposed to different types of deliberate attacks, which makes them vulnerable to genocide and, by contrast, we do find that the current legal arsenal to protect them lacks the element of prevention and repression. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948, faces a lot of criticisms as it did not cover all categories of potential genocide such as cultural genocide. It did not recognize Cultural genocide as an act of trespass falls within its framework. Ensuring cultural rights of minorities starts from criminalizing all forms of aggressions on them or those that are located on the ingredients of their cultures, religious and linguistic and historical institutions. Therefore, this study focuses via explanation and analysis the crime of cultural genocide from the perspective of public international law as one of the crimes that left out of international agreements, where the first section focuses on the legal framework of cultural genocide and then turn in the second section to go further in the international criminal court\u2019s position on this issue and finally we examine the duty imposed on states to encounter this crime.<\/p>\n

Key words:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cultural genocide, genocide, public international law, conflict of laws, United Nations, International Criminal Court, UNESCO, minorities, International Criminal tribunal for Rwanda, International Criminal Court, International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, aborigines, common heritage of mankind.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/span><\/span>
\n\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639. \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1946 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 96 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1954 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

(\u0623)\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627.(\u0628)\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u201d\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d.(\u062c)\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0628\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d.\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 culture \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u0647\u0627 cult \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 ecultivat \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a[2].\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2001 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u201c\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641(170000) \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629[3].\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a 2011\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629[4]\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647. \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2500 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 6000 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 200 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 573 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648502 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648632 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648607 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u201c\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u201c\u0622\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062e\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u201c\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0643\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008.[5] \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0647\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f\u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629[6]\u061f \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u201d \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635.
\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631.
\n\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.
\n\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629[7]\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u201cRaphael Lemkin\u201d.\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0628\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 96 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1946 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f[8]\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647.\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d Ethnocide\u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d Genocide \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629[9] \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u201d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 Genocide \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u201cActs Constituting General (transnational) Danger Considered as Offences Against the Law of Nation\u201d<\/span>\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1944 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u201cAxis Rule in Occupied Europe, Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627[10] \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201cVandalism\u201d[11]. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629[12]\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649:\u201cPublic Relations Section of the Reich Propaganda Office\u201d[13] \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629[14](Reichskulturkamme). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 Lublin \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0643\u062a\u062a \u0635\u0631\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u201d[15].<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062dEthnocide\u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d Genocide\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d Ethnocide\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631-Mnong Gar) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 Euskara \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d Ethnocide\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d Genocide \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 Genocide.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629[16]\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451951[17]. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

( \u0623 ) \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. (\u0628) \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. ( \u062c) \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. ( \u062f) \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. (\u0647\u0640) \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0644\u064a) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628[18].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629[19].<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649[20]\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 Donnedieu de Vabres \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631Pella\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629[21]\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 Lemkin \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629[22].\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f[23]. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.[24] \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629[25]. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a[26].\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649[27].\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646[28].\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201cnational cultural genocide\u201d. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629[29].\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u201d[30].\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u201cAdhoc Committee\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629[31]. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629[32]. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628- \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645- \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u201d\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d[33].\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u201c\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u201d.\u201d[34] \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1994 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a[35]:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d: (\u0623) \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b<\/p>\n

(\u0628) \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b<\/p>\n

(\u062c) \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645\u061b<\/p>\n

(\u062f) \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u061b<\/p>\n

(\u0647\u0640) \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u062d\u0642\u201d \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u201c\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0645\u0646\u0651\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064e\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u201cAssimilation Forc\u00e9\u201d[36].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 Adhoc\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 808 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 38 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( \u0623 ) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629. (\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. (\u062c) \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0629. (\u062f ) \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u063163 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a: (1) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629[37]\u060c (2) \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629[38]. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a: (1) \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c (2) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u201cintent is usually inferred from surrounding circumstances\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627.[39] \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627[40]. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629[41]\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a[42]\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0645\u0627[43]\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644[44]\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646: \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u201d[45].<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u061f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u06291948<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a 9 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1997 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648[46]\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1998. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626 \u0645\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201d\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c\u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u201c. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646[47]\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 ICTR\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u201d[48]. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647[49].<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631-Destroy\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u201d\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 31 \u064832 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627[50]\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629[51]. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644[52].\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201d \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0629\u064b. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u201cThe International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 Blaslic \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3. 3. 2000 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 (233) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.[53] \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (425) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u201d[54]. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 Bla\u0161ki\u0107 Tihomir \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629[55]. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629Kupreskic zoran \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629[56].<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 Prosecutor v. Krsti\u0107 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d[57]. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629[58]<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 (ICTY)\u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 ICTY \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 Krajisnik \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u201d \u0625\u0646 ]\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631[\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629[59]. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629[60] . \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a[61].<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 Prosecutor v. Krsti\u0107 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:\u201d\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b[62].\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b.\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629[63].<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a.\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0626 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 ICTY)) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u201c\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u201d[64]. \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a\u060c\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647<\/span>\u201d\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629][nullum crimen sine leg \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629[no crime without a law]. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0643 \u0636\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2007 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (\u062c) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (6) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u201d[65].\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 ICTY\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 The Prosecutor v. Karadzic & Mladic\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 David Nersessian \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627[66].<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629[67].\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u201cThe Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law of 1950\u2033\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648 \u201c\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645:Eichmann Trial[68]\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u201d \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d[69].<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 12 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 Rusha \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645The United States of America vs. Ulrich Greifelt, and al.)). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645(SS)\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629[70].\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u062f Artur Greiser \u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201d \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u201d Genocidal Attacks on polish culture and learning\u201d[71]. \u0623\u0645\u0627 Amon Leopold Goeth \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645.\u201dwholesale extermination of Jews and also of Poles which had all the characteristics of genocide of the biological meaning of this term, and embraced in addition destruction of the cultural life of these nations\u201d[72].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u2026 \u0641\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.[73]<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 Beanal\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649\u201cAlien Tort Claims Act\u201d[74] \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 Amungme \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Freeport \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Freeport \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647[75].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 Akayesu[76]\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0630\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649Jus Cogens[77]. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 Erga Omnes.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1972. \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 890 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 679 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648174 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064825 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0641\u064a 145 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629[78]. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 96 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u201d \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 [\u2026] \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u201d. \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1951 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u2026\u201d. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 5 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1970 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u201d \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u201cObligations Erga Omnes\u201d \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621.\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1965 \u0648 1966 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a.\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a[79] \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 20 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966[80]\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 (\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a (\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064f).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 55 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0639\u0644\u0649\u0630\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 27 \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u201c\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1981\u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647[81].<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.\u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1950\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1976\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1952\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1966\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1970\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1972\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1980\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1989. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 (148 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u201d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u201d. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0623\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u201c\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d[82].<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 61\/295\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 13 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2007[83]\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 30 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u201cMarcel Goncalves\u201d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u201d\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d[84]. \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 27 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 3 (\u0647\u0640) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 3 (C) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 4 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 3 (C) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648-\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 Common law \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648-\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a[85]. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631[86]. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627[87]. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629[88].<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a[89].\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629[90]\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064b.[91]<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0640\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 crime of crimes \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629[92]. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0629.\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639[93].<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1948. \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u201c(\u2026) \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u201d \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Adam Jones, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction, Routledge, London, 2011<\/span>
\n Alexander Laban Hinton, Genocide: An Anthropological Reader, Blackwell, USA, 2002, p. 31<\/span>
\n Ana Filipa Vrdoljak, International Law, Museums and the Return of Cultural Objects, Cambridge, London, 2006, p. 295<\/span>
\n Andr\u00e9 Klip and G\u00f6ran Sluiter, Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, II, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia 2005, p. 732.<\/span>
\n Anna-maria Lukacs, Les Droits de L\u2019Homme dans l\u2019Ombre de la Diplomatie Internationale, Institut des Droits de l\u2019Homme Lyon \u2013 Master 2 Th\u00e9orie et pratiques des Droits de l\u2019Homme, 2007-2008, p.32<\/span>
\n Anne-Marie de Brouwer, Sandra Ka Hon Chu, Samer Muscati, Stephen Lewis, The Men Who Killed Me: Rwandan Survivors of Sexual Violence, Douglas and Mclntyre, Vancouver, 2009, p. 165;<\/span>
\n Anne-Marie de Brouwer, Supernational Criminal Prosecution of Sexual Violence: The ICC and the practice of ICTY and ICTR, Intersentia, Antwerp\/Oxford, 2005, p. 41;<\/span>
\n Anne-Marie La Rosa, Dictionnaire de droit international p\u00e9nal, termes choisis, PUF, Paris, 1998, p.47<\/span>
\n David Nersessian, \u201cRethinking Cultural Genocide Under International Law\u201d, Human Rights Dialogue: \u201cCultural Rights\u201d, Spring 2005,<\/span>
\n Deborah Cowen and Emily Gilbert, War, Citizenship, territory, Routledge, London, 2008, p. 25<\/span>
\n Gaetano Pentassuglia, Minorit\u00e9s en Droit International, Conseil de l\u2019Europe, Allemagne, 2004, pp.83-85.<\/span>
\n Hirad Abtahi and Philippa Webb, The Genocide Convention: The Travaux Pr\u00e9paratoires, Martinus, Netherland, 2008;<\/span>
\n Jean-Francois Flauss, \u201cCompetence civil Universelle et Droit International General\u201d, in Christian Tomuschat,Jean-Marc Thouvenin (ed.), The Fundamental of International Legal Order, Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes, 2006, p. 407<\/span>
\n Jean-Michel Chaumont, La Concurrence des Victimes : G\u00e9nocide, Identit\u00e9 et Reconnaissance, La D\u00e9couverte, Paris, 2002, p. 208.<\/span>
\n Jean-Michel Chaumont, La Concurrence des Victimes : G\u00e9nocide, Identit\u00e9 et Reconnaissance, La D\u00e9couverte, Paris, 2002, p. 208. ; Yosef Ben-Jochannan, Cultural Genocide in the Black and African Studies Curriculum, Black Classic Press, Baltimore, 2004;<\/span>
\n Joe Verhoeven, \u201cLe Crime de G\u00e9nocide : Originalit\u00e9 et Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9\u201d,Revue Belge de Droit International, 1991, p. 6<\/span>
\n Jonathan Watts, \u201cTibetans Fear Cultural Genocide\u2019 Will Follow Chinese Railway\u201c,Guardian, 1 July 2006.<\/span>
\n Larry May, Genocide: A Normative Account, Cambridge, 2010, p. 104<\/span>
\n Machteld Boot, Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court: Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes, Intersentia, Antwerp\/Oxford, 2002, p. 439;<\/span>
\n Marcel Goncalves, \u201cAngola, M\u00e9tissage culturel\u201d, Spiritus, 93, 1983, p. 387<\/span>
\n Mireille Delmas-Marty, Criminalit\u00e9Economique et Atteintes \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 de la Personne, Fondation Maison des Sciences et de l\u2019homme, Paris, 2001, p. 238.<\/span>
\n Nicolas Tournadre, \u201cLe bilinguisme tib\u00e9tain-chinois : Situation et Enjeux\u201d, Perspective Chinoises, n\u00b074, Novembre-D\u00e9cembre 2002, pp.31-38 ;<\/span>
\n Oxford: paperback Dictionary, Third Edition 1988, p. 219; Merriam Webster\u2019s Collegiate Dictionary, tenth Edition 1993, p. 314.<\/span>
\n Paul Isaac, \u201cThe Assault on Assyrian Christians\u201d, International Herald Tribune, 8May 2007.<\/span>
\n Raphael Lemkin, \u201cGenocide as a Crime under International Law\u201dAmerican Journal of International Law, Vol. 41, No. 1, 1947.<\/span>
\n Raphael Lemkin, \u201cGenocide\u201d, American Scholar, Volume 15, no. 2, April 1946;<\/span>
\n Raphael Lemkin, \u201cGenocide: Modern Crime\u201d, Free World, Vol. 4, April 1945;<\/span>
\n Raphael Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Analysis, Proposals for Redress, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, 1944, P. 79-95.<\/span>
\n Rene\u0301 Jean Dupuy,Dialectiques du droit internationalsouverainete\u0301 des etats,communaute\u0301 internationale et droits de l\u2019humanite\u0301,Pedone, Paris, 1999, pp. 243-246<\/span>
\n Robert Jaulin, La Paix Blanch, Introduction a l\u2019ethnocide, Seuil, Paris, 1970; Anne-Marie La Rosa et Santiago Villalpando: \u201cNouveau regard sur la d\u00e9finition de la Convention sur le genocide\u201d, in K. Boustany et D. Dormoy (ed.), G\u00e9nocide(s), Bruylant, Bruxelles, 1999, p. 79;<\/span>
\n Roger Merleand Andr\u00e9 Vitu, Trait\u00e9 de Droit Criminel, Tome I, Cujas, Paris, 1997, pp. 514-517.<\/span>
\n Roger Normand, Sarah Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice, Indiana University Press,Bloomington, 2008, p. 252<\/span>
\n Samantha Power, \u201cHow to stop genocide in Iraq\u201d, Los Angeles Times, 5 March 2007; Massimo Calabresi, \u201cIs Iraq Headed for Genocide?\u201d, Los Angeles Times, 29 November 2006.<\/span>
\n Sienho Yee and Jacques-Yvan Morin, Multiculturalism and International Law, Essays in Honour of Edward McWhinney, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Netherlands, 2009, p. 182<\/span>
\n Spanish Yearbook of International Law, Volume IV, 1995-1996, p. 24 ;<\/span>
\n Willam Schabas, \u201cDevelopments in the Law of Genocide\u201d, in Fischer, Avril McDonald (ed.), Year Book of International Humanitarian Law, Vol. 5, Asser press, The Hague, 2002, p. 152<\/span>
\n William A. Schabas, Genocide in International Law 185 (2000);<\/span>
\n William Schabas, \u201cLes droits des minorit\u00e9s: Une d\u00e9claration inachev\u00e9e\u201d, in D\u00e9claration Universelle des Droits de l\u2019Homme 1948-98, Avenir d\u2019un Id\u00e9al Commun, La Documentation Fran\u00e7aise, Paris, 1999, pp. 223-242<\/span>
\n Yearbook of the International Law Commission1996, Vol. II, Part Two, pp. 45-46, para. 12.)<\/span>
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 ICTR<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ICTR The Prosecutor v. Eliezer Niyitegeka, Case No. ICTR-1996-. 14-A, Judgment, 16 may 2003, para. 431.
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para.728 ;
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998.
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 559;
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze. Case No. ICTR-99-52-T. Judgement and Sentence. 3 December 2003, para.1017
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. George Rutaganda, Case No. ICTR -96-3, 6 December 1999, para. 51
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Kayishema & Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Judgment, 21 May 1999, para. 538;
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Kayishema & Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Judgment, 21 May 1999, para. 108;
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Musema, Case No. ICTR-96-13-A, Judgment, 27 January 2000, para. 933.
\nICTR, The Prosecutor v. Semanza, Case No. IC
\nTR-97-20-T, Judgment, 15 May 2003, para. 315 ;
\nICTR,The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998;
\nICTR,The Prosecutor v. Karemera (Karemera Amended Indictment), Case No. ICTR- 98-44-I, Amended Indictment, February 2005.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 ICTY<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ICTY, Case No. ICTY-IT-95-10-A, Judgment, 5 July 2001, para. 47 ;
\nICTY, Case No. IT-95-8-T, Judgment on Defence Motions to Acquit, September 2001, para. 61 ;
\nICTY, Case Nos. ICTY-IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para.94.
\nICTY, Prosecutor v. Blaskic, Case No. ICTR-IT-95-14-T, 3 Mars 2000,para. 425.
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Jelisic, Case No. ICTY- IT-95-10-A, Judgment, July 2001, para. 47;
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Kajelijeli, Case No. ICTR-98-44A-T, Judgment, 1 December 2003, para. 808.
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Karadzic & Mladic, Case Nos. IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para. 93;
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Karadzic & Mladic, Case Nos.ICTY-IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para.94.
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Krajisnik, Case No. ICTY-IT-00-39-T, Judgment, 27 December 2006, para: 854.
\nICTY, TheProsecutor v. Krsti\u0107, Case No. ICTY-IT-98-33-A, 19 April 2004, para. 53, (partial dissenting opinion of Judge Shahabuddeen).
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Krstic, Case No. ICTY-IT-98-33-T, Judgment, 2 August 2001, para. 580 ;
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Sikirica,Dosen & Kolundzija, Case No. ICTY-IT-95-8-T, Judgment on Defence Motions to Acquit, 3 September 2001 ;
\nICTY, The Prosecutor v. Zoran Kupreskic, Mirjan Kupreskic, Vlatko Kupreskic, Drago Josipovic, Dragan Papic andVladimir Santic, Case No. ICTY-IT-95-16-T, 14 January 2000, para. 615.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ICJ<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ICJ, The Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgment ICJ Reports 2007, para. 344.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Beanal v. Freeport \u2013 MacMoran, 29 November 1999, CA 5th Cir;<\/span>
\n District Court Judgment, Eichmann case, 36 ILR, 1968, para. 56.<\/span>
\n Federal Constitution Court, 2BvR, 1290\/99, 12 December 2000, para. 111-4-a.<\/span>
\n Poland v. Artur Greiser, (1948) 13 LRTWC 70 (Supreme National Tribunal of Poland), pp. 112-114<\/span>
\n Poland v. Goeth, (1946) 7 LRTWC 4 (Supreme National Tribunal of Poland).<\/span>
\n The Eichmann Trail: Some legal Aspects\u201d, Duke Law Journal,<\/span>
\n United States v. Greifelt (RuSHA Trial), 5 Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, 1, 89 (1948). Note : RuSHA is a German acronym for Rasse und Siedlungshauptamt (Race and Resettlement Office)<\/span>
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\/RES\/61\/295, Soixante et uni\u00e8me session, Point 68 de l\u2019ordre du jour, 2 octobre 2007, D\u00e9claration des Nations Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones<\/span>
\n UN DOC. A\/401\/ 3.<\/span>
\n UN DOC. A\/623\/ 3.<\/span>
\n UN Doc. A\/ 41\/10 and UN Doc. A\/362<\/span>
\n UN DOC. A\/ 6\/SR.83;<\/span>
\n UN Doc. E\/447, p. 27<\/span>
\n UN Doc. E\/447, p. 27<\/span>
\n UN Doc. E\/447, p. 27;<\/span>
\n UN Doc. E\/623; UN DOC. E\/ 25\/SR.14, p. 10<\/span>
\n UN DOC. E\/ 25\/7<\/span>
\n UN DOC. E\/ 25\/SR. 5, p.3<\/span>
\n UN DOC. E\/ 25\/SR. 5, p.7<\/span>
\n UN DOC. E\/ 25\/SR.14, p. 9<\/span>
\n Listen<\/span><\/p>\n

Read phonetically<\/span><\/p>\n

Dictionary \u2013 View detailed dictionary<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Fakhoury2000fr@yahoo.fr<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 1982\u060c\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u060c\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 1998). [3] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635. 271 [4]\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/span>
\n http:\/\/www.alqudsalarabi.info\/index.asp?fname=data%5C2007%5C2007%5C03%5C03-02%5C27qpt4.htm<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/culture\/languages-atlas\/en\/atlasmap.html<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]Samantha Power, \u201cHow to stop genocide in Iraq\u201d, Los Angeles Times, 5 March 2007; Massimo Calabresi, \u201cIs Iraq Headed for Genocide?\u201d, Los Angeles Times, 29 November 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]Anna-maria Lukacs, Les Droits de L\u2019Homme dans l\u2019Ombre de la Diplomatie Internationale, Institut des Droits de l\u2019Homme Lyon \u2013 Master 2 Th\u00e9orie et pratiques des Droits de l\u2019Homme, 2007-2008, p.32<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] JoeVerhoeven, \u201cLe Crime de G\u00e9nocide : Originalit\u00e9 et Ambigu\u00eft\u00e9\u201c,Revue Belge de Droit International, 1991, p. 6<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]Jean-Michel Chaumont, La Concurrence des Victimes : G\u00e9nocide, Identit\u00e9 et Reconnaissance, La D\u00e9couverte, Paris, 2002, p. 208.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] Raphael Lemkin, \u201cGenocide: Modern Crime\u201d, Free World, Vol. 4, April 1945; Raphael Lemkin, \u201cGenocide\u201d, American Scholar, Volume 15, no. 2, April 1946; Raphael Lemkin, \u201cGenocide as a Crime under International Law\u201dAmerican Journal of International Law, Vol. 41, No. 1, 1947.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11] Raphael Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Analysis, Proposals for Redress, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, 1944, P. 79-95.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12] see order of August 6, 1940<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]Alexander Laban Hinton, Genocide: An Anthropological Reader, Blackwell, USA, 2002, p. 31<\/span><\/p>\n

[14] Reich Chamber of Culture\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]\u201cFor us it was a matter of special pride to destroy the Talmudic Academy which was known as the greatest in Poland. . . . We threw out of the building the great Talmudic library, and carted it to market. There we set fire to the books. The fire lasted for twenty hours. The Jews of Lublin were assembled around and cried bitterly. Their cries almost silenced us. Then we summoned the military band and the joyful shouts of the soldiers silenced the sound of the Jewishcries\u201d. Ibid. p. 31<\/span><\/p>\n

[16] Robert Jaulin, La Paix Blanch, Introduction a l\u2019ethnocide, Seuil, Paris, 1970; Anne-Marie La Rosa et Santiago Villalpando: \u201cNouveau regard sur la d\u00e9finition de la Convention sur le genocide\u201c, in K. Boustany et D. Dormoy (ed.), G\u00e9nocide(s), Bruylant, Bruxelles, 1999, p. 79; Jean-Michel Chaumont, La Concurrence des Victimes : G\u00e9nocide, Identit\u00e9 et Reconnaissance, La D\u00e9couverte, Paris, 2002, p. 208. ; Yosef Ben-Jochannan, Cultural Genocide in the Black and African Studies Curriculum, Black Classic Press, Baltimore, 2004; Adam Jones, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction, Routledge, London, 2011<\/span><\/p>\n

[17] \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 260 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (\u062f-3) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 9 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0647\u0648 12 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1951\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,New York, 9 December 1948, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 78, p. 277.<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]Anne-Marie de Brouwer, Sandra Ka Hon Chu, Samer Muscati, Stephen Lewis, The Men Who Killed Me: Rwandan Survivors of Sexual Violence, Douglas and Mclntyre, Vancouver, 2009, p. 165; Deborah Cowen and Emily Gilbert, War, Citizenship, territory, Routledge, London, 2008, p. 25<\/span><\/p>\n

Machteld Boot, Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court: Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes, Intersentia, Antwerp\/Oxford, 2002, p. 439; Anne-Marie de Brouwer, Supernational Criminal Prosecution of Sexual Violence: The ICC and the practice of ICTY and ICTR, Intersentia, Antwerp\/Oxford, 2005, p. 41; The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998; The Prosecutor v. Karemera (Karemera Amended Indictment), Case No. ICTR- 98-44-I, Amended Indictment, February 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]UN Doc. A\/AC. 41\/10 and UN Doc. A\/362<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]UN Doc. E\/447, p. 27<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]UN Doc. E\/447, p. 27; Roger Normand, Sarah Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2008, p. 252<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]UN Doc. E\/447, p. 27<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]UN Doc. E\/623; UN DOC. E\/AC. 25\/SR.14, p. 10<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]John Maktos, Head of the United States Delegation, UN DOC. E\/AC. 25\/SR. 5, p.3<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]John Maktos, Head of the United States Delegation, UN DOC. E\/AC. 25\/SR. 5, p.7<\/span><\/p>\n

[26] UN DOC. E\/AC. 25\/SR.14, p. 9<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]UN DOC. A\/401\/Add. 3.<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]UN DOC. A\/623\/Add. 3.<\/span><\/p>\n

[29] UN DOC. E\/AC. 25\/7<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]William Schabas, \u201cLes droits des minorit\u00e9s: Une d\u00e9claration inachev\u00e9e\u201d, in D\u00e9claration Universelle des Droits de l\u2019Homme 1948-98, Avenir d\u2019un Id\u00e9al Commun, La Documentation Fran\u00e7aise, Paris, 1999, pp. 223-242<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]UN DOC. A\/C. 6\/SR.83; Anne-Marie La Rosa, Dictionnaire de droit international p\u00e9nal, termes choisis, PUF, Paris, 1998, p.47<\/span><\/p>\n

[32] \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 25 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 6 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639.<\/span>
\n United Nations Judicial Yearbook, Vol.2, (Part II), 1991, p.102<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]Sienho Yee and Jacques-Yvan Morin, Multiculturalism and International Law, Essays in Honour of Edward McWhinney, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Netherlands, 2009, p. 182<\/span><\/p>\n

[34] ILC Draft Code, pp.90-91; William A. Schabas, Genocide in International Law 185 (2000); Hirad Abtahi and Philippa Webb, The Genocide Convention: The Travaux Pr\u00e9paratoires, Martinus, Netherland, 2008; Spanish Yearbook of International Law, Volume IV, 1995-1996, p. 24 ; Gaetano Pentassuglia, Minorit\u00e9s en Droit International, Conseil de l\u2019Europe, Allemagne, 2004, pp.83-85.<\/span><\/p>\n

[35] XVI.E\/CN.4\/1995\/2, E\/CN.4\/Sub.2\/1994\/56<\/span><\/p>\n

[36] A\/RES\/61\/295, Soixante et uni\u00e8me session, Point 68 de l\u2019ordre du jour, 2 octobre 2007, D\u00e9claration des Nations Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones<\/span><\/p>\n

[37] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 498.<\/span><\/p>\n

[38]Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, art. 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

[39] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 523 (noting that \u201cin the absence of a confession from the accused, his intent can be inferred froma certain number ofpresumptions of fact\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n

[40] ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Sikirica,Dosen & Kolundzija, Case No. ICTY-IT-95-8-T, Judgment on Defence Motions to Acquit, 3 September 2001 ; ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Jelisic, Case No. ICTY- IT-95-10-A, Judgment, July 2001, para. 47; ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Karadzic & Mladic, Case Nos.ICTY-IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para.94.<\/span><\/p>\n

[41] ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Karadzic & Mladic, Case Nos. ICTY-IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para.94.<\/span><\/p>\n

[42] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, paras. 523\u2013524.<\/span><\/p>\n

[43] ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Krstic, Case No. ICTY-IT-98-33-T, Judgment, 2 August 2001, para. 580 ; ICTY, Case No. IT-95-8-T, Judgment on Defence Motions to Acquit, September 2001, para. 61; ICTY, Case No. ICTY-IT-95-10-A, Judgment, 5 July 2001, para. 47 ; ICTY, Case Nos. ICTY-IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para.94.<\/span><\/p>\n

[44] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para.728; ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Kayishema & Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Judgment, 21 May 1999, para. 538; ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Musema, Case No. ICTR-96-13-A, Judgment, 27 January 2000, para. 933.<\/span><\/p>\n

[45]Paul Isaac, \u201cThe Assault on Assyrian Christians\u201d, International Herald Tribune, 8May 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n

[46] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n

[47] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n

[48] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 504;ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Karadzic & Mladic, Case Nos. IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para. 93; ICTR, the Prosecutor v. George Rutaganda, Case No. ICTR -96-3, 6 December 1999, para. 51.<\/span><\/p>\n

[49] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para.502.<\/span><\/p>\n

[50] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 31 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 [51] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 32 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1969<\/span>
\n [52] To ruin completely; spoil, to ruin the structureor organic existence, To tear down or break up; demolish, To subdue or defeat completely; crush, To render useless or ineffective. The Oxford: paperback Dictionary, Third Edition 1988, p. 219; Merriam Webster\u2019s Collegiate Dictionary, tenth Edition 1993, p. 314.<\/span><\/p>\n

[53] ICTY, Prosecutor v. Blaskic, Case No. ICTR-IT-95-14-T, 3 Mars 2000,para. 233.<\/span><\/p>\n

[54] ICTY, Prosecutor v. Blaskic, Case No. ICTR-IT-95-14-T, 3 Mars 2000,para. 425.<\/span><\/p>\n

[55] The Trial Chamber in a unanimous ruling ofits members,finds Tihomir Blaskic guilty for the following acts: the destruction and plunder of property and, in particular, of institutions dedicated to religion or education<\/span><\/p>\n

[56]ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Zoran Kupreskic, Mirjan Kupreskic, Vlatko Kupreskic, Drago Josipovic, Dragan Papic andVladimir Santic, Case No. ICTY-IT-95-16-T, 14 January 2000, para. 615. The Tribunal said: Persecution can involve a broad range of discriminatory acts, and generally consist of a series of acts rather than a single act which must be considered in total rather than in isolation\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

[57]\u201ccustomary international law limits the definition of genocide to those acts seeking the physical or biological destruction of all or part of the group. Hence, an enterprise attacking only the cultural or sociological characteristics of a human group in order to annihilate these elements which give to that group its own identity distinct from the rest of the community would not fall under the definition of genocide\u201d. ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Krstic, Case No. ICTY, IT-98-33-T, judgment of 2 August 2001, paras 576-580.<\/span><\/p>\n

[58] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Semanza, Case No. ICTR-97-20-T, Judgment, 15 May 2003, para. 315 ; ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Kajelijeli, Case No. ICTR-98-44A-T, Judgment, 1 December 2003, para. 808.<\/span><\/p>\n

[59] \u201cDestruction,\u201d as a component of the mens rea of genocide, is not limited to physical or biological destruction of the group\u2019s members, since the group (or a part of it) can be destroyed in other ways, such as by transferring children out of the group (or the part) or by severing the bonds among its members. Thus it has been said that one may rely, for example, on evidence of deliberate forcible transfer as evidence of the mens rea of genocide. See ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Krajisnik, Case No. ICTY-IT-00-39-T, Judgment, 27 December 2006, para: 854.<\/span><\/p>\n

[60]Nicolas Tournadre, \u201cLe bilinguisme tib\u00e9tain-chinois : Situation et Enjeux\u201d, Perspective Chinoises, n\u00b074, Novembre-D\u00e9cembre 2002, pp.31-38 ; Jonathan Watts, \u201cTibetans Fear Cultural Genocide\u2019 Will Follow Chinese Railway\u201c,Guardian, 1 July 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

[61] \u201cAs clearly shown by the preparatory work for the Convention . . ., thedestruction in question is thematerial destruction of a group either by physical or bybiological means, not the destruction of the national, linguistic, religious, cultural orother identity of a particular group.\u201d (Report of the International Law Commission onthe work of its Forty-eighth Session, Yearbook of the International Law Commission1996, Vol. II, Part Two, pp. 45-46, para. 12.)<\/span><\/p>\n

[62]\u201cA group is constituted by characteristics\u2013often intangible\u2013binding together a collection of people as a social unit. If those characteristics have been destroyed in pursuance of the intent with which a listed act of a physical or biological nature was done, it is not convincing to say that the destruction, though effectively obliterating the group, is not genocide because the obliteration was not physical or biological\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c[t]he intent certainly has to be to destroy, but, except for the listed act, there is no reason why the destruction must always be physical or biological. ICTY, TheProsecutor v. Krsti\u0107, Case No. ICTY-IT-98-33-A, 19 April 2004, para. 50, (partial dissenting opinion of Judge Shahabuddeen).<\/span><\/p>\n

[63]\u201cThe foregoing is not an argument for the recognition of cultural genocide. It is established that the mere destruction of the culture of a group is not genocide: none of the methods listed in article 4(2) of the Statute need be employed. But there is also need for care. The destruction of culture may serve evidentially to confirm an intent, to be gathered from other circumstances, to destroy the group as such. In this case, the razing of the principal mosque confirms an intent to destroy the Srebrenica part of the Bosnian Muslim groupICTY, TheProsecutor v. Krsti\u0107, Case No. ICTY-IT-98-33-A, 19 April 2004, para. 53, (partial dissenting opinion of Judge Shahabuddeen).<\/span><\/p>\n

[64]\u201d The destruction of mosques or Catholic churches is designed to annihilate the centuries-long presence of the group or groups. The destruction of the libraries is intended to annihilate a culture which was enriched through the participation of the various national components of the population. ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Karadzic & Mladic, Case Nos.ICTY-IT-95-5-R61, IT-95-18-R61, Re-view of the Indictments Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, para. 94<\/span><\/p>\n

[65] ICJ, The Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgment ICJ Reports 2007, para. 344.<\/span><\/p>\n

[66]David Nersessian, \u201cRethinking Cultural Genocide Under International Law\u201d, Human Rights Dialogue: \u201cCultural Rights\u201d, Spring 2005,http:\/\/www.carnegiecouncil.org\/resources\/publications\/dialogue\/2_12\/section_1\/5139.html<\/span>
\n [67] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, paras. 706-707,731-734; ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Kayishema & Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Judgment, 21 May 1999, para. 108; ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Musema, Case No. ICTR-96-13-A, Judgment, 27 January 2000, para.156.<\/span><\/p>\n

[68] For more details about this case please see Hans Baade, \u201cThe Eichmann Trail: Some legal Aspects\u201d, Duke Law Journal, 1961.<\/span><\/p>\n

[69]\u201cAccording to the Jerusalem District Court: \u201cWith the rise of Hitler to power, the persecution of Jews became official policy and assumed the quasi-legal form of laws and regulations published by the government of the Reich in accordance with legislative powers delegated to it by the Reichstag on March 24, 1933 and of directacts of violence organised by the regime against the persons and property of Jews. The purpose of these acts carried out in the first stage was to deprive the Jews of citizens rights, to degrade them and strike fear into their hearts, to separate them from the rest of the inhabitants, to oust them from the economic and cultural life of theState and to close to them the source of livelihood\u201d. (emphasis added) (District Court Judgment, Eichmann case, 36 ILR, 1968, para. 56.<\/span><\/p>\n

[70] United States v. Greifelt (RuSHA Trial), 5 Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, 1, 89 (1948). Note : RuSHA is a German acronym for Rasse und Siedlungshauptamt (Race and Resettlement Office).Mazal Library: http:\/\/www.mazal.org\/archive\/nmt\/04a\/NMT04-C001.htm<\/span><\/p>\n

[71]Poland v. Artur Greiser, (1948) 13 LRTWC 70 (Supreme National Tribunal of Poland), pp. 112-114<\/span><\/p>\n

[72]Poland v. Goeth, (1946) 7 LRTWC 4 (Supreme National Tribunal of Poland).<\/span><\/p>\n

[73] Federal Constitution Court, 2BvR, 1290\/99, 12 December 2000, para. 111-4-a. Mentioned byAndr\u00e9 Klip and G\u00f6ran Sluiter, Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. II, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia 2005, p. 732. \u201cThe Federal Constitutional Court held that the limits of the extension of \u201cdestroy\u201d to encompass non-physical and non-biological destruction are only exceeded when the intention to destroy relates solely to the cultural identity of a group. The term \u201cdestroy\u201d may thus include other means of destruction pertaining to the destruction of a group as a social unit in its specificity, uniqueness and feeling of belonging\u201d; see also Willam Schabas, \u201cDevelopments in the Law of Genocide\u201d, in Fischer, Avril McDonald (ed.), Year Book of International Humanitarian Law, Vol. 5, Asser press, The Hague, 2002, p. 152<\/span><\/p>\n

[74] \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 Alien Tort Claims Act\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\n [75]Beanal v. Freeport \u2013 MacMoran, 29 November 1999, CA 5th Cir; Mireille Delmas-Marty, Criminalit\u00e9Economique et Atteintes \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 de la Personne, Fondation Maison des Sciences et de l\u2019homme, Paris, 2001, p. 238. The decision Beanal v. Freeport \u2013 MacMoran is consultubale via the following address.http:\/\/www.utwatch.org\/corporations\/freeportfiles\/filing.html; Jean-Francois Flauss, \u201cCompetence civil Universelle et Droit International General\u201d, in Christian Tomuschat,Jean-Marc Thouvenin (ed.), The Fundamental of International Legal Order, Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes, 2006, p. 407<\/span><\/p>\n

[76]ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 495<\/span><\/p>\n

[77]The Prosecutor v. Kayishema & Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Judgment, 21 May 1999, para. 88.<\/span><\/p>\n

[78] http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/ar\/culture\/<\/span><\/p>\n

[79]\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 2106 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (\u062f-20) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 21 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1965 [80]\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 2200 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (\u062f-21) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 16 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1966. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630: 23 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 \/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1976\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 49 [81]\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

[82]HREOC, Bringing p.266. note: Ana Filipa Vrdoljak, International Law, Museums and the Return of Cultural Objects, Cambridge, London, 2006, p. 295<\/span><\/p>\n

[83]- \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 A\/RES\/61\/295.\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 144 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 4 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 11 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

[84] Marcel Goncalves, \u201cAngola, M\u00e9tissage culturel\u201d, Spiritus, No. 93, 1983, p. 387<\/span><\/p>\n

[85] ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 559; ICTR, Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze. Case No. ICTR-99-52-T. Judgement and Sentence. 3 December 2003, para.1017<\/span><\/p>\n

[86]The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 557.<\/span><\/p>\n

[87]The Prosecutor v. Eliezer Niyitegeka, Case No. ICTR-1996-. 14-A, Judgment, 16 may 2003, para. 431.<\/span><\/p>\n

[88]ICTR, The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, paras. 557-558.<\/span><\/p>\n

[89] Roger Merleand Andr\u00e9 Vitu, Trait\u00e9 de Droit Criminel, Tome I, Cujas, Paris, 1997, pp. 514-517.<\/span><\/p>\n

[90]The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para.551<\/span><\/p>\n

[91]The Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 558<\/span><\/p>\n

[92]Larry May, Genocide: A Normative Account, Cambridge, 2010, p. 104<\/span><\/p>\n

[93]Rene\u0301 Jean Dupuy,Dialectiques du droit international souverainete\u0301 des etats,communaute\u0301 internationale et droits de l\u2019humanite\u0301,Pedone, Paris, 1999, pp. 243-246<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a Cultural Genocide in Public International Law\/study the international jurisdiction \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0640\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a[1] Abstract Many cultural minorities around the world are exposed to different types of deliberate attacks, which makes them vulnerable to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":77167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[5034,5350,294,512,31],"class_list":["post-77166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-5034","tag-5350","tag-294","tag-512","tag-31"],"views":1418,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77166\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}