{"id":76576,"date":"2017-08-13T07:26:15","date_gmt":"2017-08-13T04:26:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=76576"},"modified":"2017-12-03T06:35:30","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T03:35:30","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Abstract:<\/span><\/span>
\nIt is not enough for conventional rules on traditional consumer protection to regulate remote contractual relations or online shopping. In the diversity and wide geographic environment of the global market through the Internet it can\u2019t provide adequate protection for the e-consumer. Most global legislations have intervened to amend the legal texts to be consistent with this development. The new rules have provided protection for the consumer in the pre-contractual stage through protection from misleading advertising and promotion of goods and services, as well as providing adequate information to the consumer about the product and the terms of the contract. During the implementation of the contract various legislations provided the consumer with safeguards about deficiency of goods or services and ensured that the merchant or provider will not interfere the exploitation of the goods or services, and included the consumer the right to refrain the contract nevertheless of contrasting the general rules of the contract, because of the specialty of the distance contract through the Internet and the speedy decision by the consumer without sufficient insight. The research came out with some results include the inadequacy of traditional rules for the sales contracts of goods or services and show the need to develop legal rules governing electronic shopping process to ensure greater protection for consumers.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/span>
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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/span>
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\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/span>
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\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/span>
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\n\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
\n\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.
\n\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.
\n\u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.
\n\u0646\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.
\n\u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1994.
\n\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2002.
\n\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631.
\n\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1998.
\n\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2004.
\n\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008.
\n\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2008.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003.
\n\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 27\u060c (1)\/ 2013.
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646.
\n\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2009.
\n\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\nDIRECTIVE 2011\/83\/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2011, on consumer rights.<\/span>
\n Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, OECD, 2000. OECD Publications Service, 2, rue Andr\u00b4e-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.<\/span>
\n Kate Tokeley, Luke R Nottage And Christine Riefa, Comparative Consumer Law Reform And Economic Integration, Victoria University Of Wellington Legal Research Papers, Volume 6 Issue No 4, 2016.<\/span>
\n Christine Riefa, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Hertfordshire, Article 5 of the Rome Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations of 19 June 1980 and Consumer E-Contracts: The Need for Reform, Information and Communication Technology Law, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2004.<\/span>
\n James C. Cooper, George Mason University School of Law North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, George Mason University Law and Economics Research Paper Series, March 15, 2015.<\/span>
\n Yu, Ying and Shen, Mingnan, Consumer Protection as the \u2018Open Sesame\u2019 that Allows Alibaba to Crush the Forty Thieves (Gaining Market Power by Protecting Consumers: A Private Company Blows China\u2019s Banks Away)). Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, January 30, 2015.<\/span>
\n Acep Rohendi, Consumer Protection In The E-Commerce : Indonesian Law And International Law Perspective. Jl. International School 1-6, Bandung, Indonesia Ecodemica, Vol Iii. No.2 September 2015, Pp.478-488.<\/span>
\n Joasia Luzak, ONLINE CONSUMER CONTRACTS, Amsterdam Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2014-47, Centre for the Study of European Contract Law Working Paper No. 2014-08.<\/span>
\n Nicola Lucchi, Countering The Unfair Play Of DRM Technologies, New York University School Of Law, Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series Working Paper No. 07-02, March 2007.<\/span>
\n Binding\/Purnhagen, Regulations on E-Commerce Consumer Protection Rules in China and Europe Compared \u2013 Same Same but Different, 3 (2011) JIPITEC (Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law), 186 para. 1.<\/span>
\n LAWRENCE J. TRAUTMAN, E-Commerce, Cyber, and Electronic Payment System Risks: Lessons from PayPal, UC Davis Business Law Journal, Vol. 16, 9\/22\/2016, p285.<\/span>
\n Tamas Dezso Czigler, E-Consumer Protection In The US-The Same Jungle As In Europe, Comparative Law Review, Special Issue. New Approaches In Comparative Law (NACL), Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 2013. P12.<\/span>
\n Ramnath K. Chellappa and Paul A. Pavlou, Perceived information security, financial liability and consumer trust in electronic commerce transactions, Logistics Information Management Volume 15 . Number 5\/6 . 2002 . pp. 358-368.<\/span>
\n Leon E. TRAKMAN, The Boundaries of Contract Law in Cyberspace, International Business Law Journal \/ (IBLJ), No. 2, 2009, UNSW Law Research Paper No. 2009 13.<\/span>
\n Directive 2005\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market.<\/span>
\n Colette Cuijpers, The influence of ICT on consumer protection; empowerment or impairment of the consumer, Tilburg University Legal Studies Working Paper No. 015\/2009, TILT Law & Technology Working Paper No. 015\/2009.<\/span>
\n Christine RIEFA, The reform of electronic consumer contracts in Europe: towards an effective legal framework?, Lex Electronica, Vol. 14, No. 2, Automne-Fall 2009.<\/span>
\n Zheng Sophia Tang, Private International Law in \u201cConsumer Contracts: A European Perspective\u201d, which has been published in final form at Journal of Private International Law, Vol.6 No.1, 225-248, 2010.<\/span>
\n Gralf-Peter Calliess, Transnational Consumer Law: Co-Regulation of B2C-E-Commerce, CLPE (Comparative Research in Law and Political Economy Forum-Osgoode Hall Law School, York University RESEARCH PAPER SERIES VOL. 03 NO. 03, (2007)<\/span>.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 4 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2012.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 21 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 67 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2006.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2000.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a 16 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2015.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 83 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u06292011. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643- \u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 27 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2012.<\/p>\n

([1] \u062f. \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063566.<\/p>\n

([2]\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u201d.<\/p>\n

([3] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2\/1) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (67) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2006 \u201d \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u06cc\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u06cc\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u201d.<\/p>\n

([4] \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0635 76. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 24.<\/p>\n

([5]\u062f. \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010. \u0635 164.<\/p>\n

[6] ( Dr Christine Riefa, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Hertfordshire, Article 5 of the Rome Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations of 19 June 1980 and Consumer E-Contracts: The Need for Reform, Information and Communication Technology Law, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2004, p 4.<\/p>\n

([7] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: 1\/11\/2005 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27\/4\/2006.<\/p>\n

([8] \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 81.<\/p>\n

([9] \u062f. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635 62.<\/p>\n

([10] \u062f. \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 69.<\/p>\n

([11] \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 89.<\/p>\n

([12] \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (15) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u201d.<\/p>\n

[13] (DIRECTIVE 2011\/83\/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2011, on consumer rights, amending Council Directive 93\/13\/EEC and Directive 1999\/44\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 85\/577\/EEC and Directive 97\/7\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Article 4\/2.<\/p>\n

([14] \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 93.<\/p>\n

([15] \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (28) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

[16]( DIRECTIVE 2011\/83\/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2011, Article 5\/2.<\/p>\n

[17] ( Directive 2005\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84\/450\/EEC, Directives 97\/7\/EC, 98\/27\/EC and 2002\/65\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006\/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (\u201eUnfair Commercial Practices Directive\u201f) (Text with EEA relevance), OJ L 149, 11.6.2005, p. 22\u201339. see: Colette Cuijpers, The influence of ICT on consumer protection; empowerment or impairment of the consumer, Tilburg University Legal Studies Working Paper No. 015\/2009, TILT Law & Technology Working Paper No. 015\/2009, p<\/span>9.<\/p>\n

([18] \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635 16 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

([19] \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008. \u0635 80 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

([20] \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 16 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 108.<\/p>\n

[21] (Directive 97\/7\/EC of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts, OJ 1997, L 144\/19. Directive 2011\/83\/EU of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights, OJ 2011, L 304\/64.<\/p>\n

([22] \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 70.<\/p>\n

([23] \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (21) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u201d.<\/p>\n

[24] ( Joasia Luzak, ONLINE CONSUMER CONTRACTS, Amsterdam Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2014-47, Centre for the Study of European Contract Law Working Paper No. 2014-08, p4.<\/span><\/p>\n

([25] \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u201d. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 81\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 189\u061b \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 94.<\/p>\n

([26] \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 27\u060c (1)\/ 2013\u060c \u06356.<\/p>\n

([27] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (24) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u201c-1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:- \u0623) \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628) \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u062c) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u06292-\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u201d.<\/p>\n

([28] \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (17) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u201d \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u201d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1369 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

Art. 1369-5 Pour que le contrat soit valablement conclu, le destinataire de l\u2019offre doit avoir eu la possibilit\u00e9 de v\u00e9rifier le d\u00e9tail de sa commande et son prix total, et de corriger d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles erreurs, avant de confirmer celleci pour exprimer son acceptation. Code civil Date de derni\u00e8re modification 2010-11-11<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (14) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 27 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2012.<\/p>\n

([29] \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

Consumers should be provided with easy-to-use, secure payment mechanisms and information on the level of security such mechanisms afford.<\/span><\/p>\n

([30] \u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 230 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

([31] \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (9) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u201d \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u201d.<\/p>\n

([32] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 72. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (12) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (3) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (9) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

([33] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2002\u060c \u0635 156\u061b \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1994\u060c \u0635 105.<\/p>\n

([34] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 200 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635 94 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 95 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

([35] \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 143.<\/p>\n

[36] ( Antonio F. Perez, Consumer Protection in the Americas: A Second Wave of American Revolutions, The Catholic University Of America, 5 U. ST. THOMAS L. J. 698 (2008), p700.<\/p>\n

[37] ( Consumers should be provided meaningful access to fair and timely alternative dispute resolution and redress without undue cost or burden. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, OECD, 2000. OECD Publications Service, 2, rue Andr\u00b4e-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.<\/p>\n

[38] ( Businesses engaged in electronic commerce with consumers should provide accurate, clear and easily accessible information about themselves sufficient to allow, at a minimum Identification of the business, Appropriate and effective resolution of disputes, Location of the business and its principals by law enforcement and regulatory officials. Businesses engaged in electronic commerce with consumers should provide accurate and easily accessible information describing the goods or services offered; Businesses engaged in electronic commerce should provide sufficient information about the terms, conditions and costs associated with a transaction. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, OECD, ibid.<\/p>\n

([39] \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.( \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b)<\/p>\n

([40] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (7) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643-\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

([41]\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (12) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[42] ( Article 6 (Information requirements for distance and off-premises contracts): 1-9. DIRECTIVE 2011\/83\/EU, ibid.<\/p>\n

([43] \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (20) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u201d.<\/p>\n

([44] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (11) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u201c\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: 1- \u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. 2- \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642. 3- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639. 4- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627. 5- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u201d<\/p>\n

([45] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (14) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[46] ( Art. 1386-4 Un produit est d\u00e9fectueux au sens du pr\u00e9sent titre lorsqu\u2019il n\u2019offre pas la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 laquelle on peut l\u00e9gitimement s\u2019attendre. Dans l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 laquelle on peut l\u00e9gitimement s\u2019attendre, il doit \u00eatre tenu compte de toutes les circonstances et notamment de la pr\u00e9sentation du produit, de l\u2019usage qui peut en \u00eatre raisonnablement attendu et du moment de sa mise en circulation. Un produit ne peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme d\u00e9fectueux par le seul fait qu\u2019un autre, plus perfectionn\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 mispost\u00e9rieurement en circulation. Code civil Date de derni\u00e8re modification 2010-11-11<\/span><\/p>\n

([47] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (461-467) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (439-452) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (1625-1640) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

([48] \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 233 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

[49] ( Nicola Lucchi, Countering The Unfair Play Of Drm Technologies, New York University School Of Law, Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series Working Paper No. 07-02, March 2007, P10.<\/p>\n

[50] ( Ramnath K. Chellappa and Paul A. Pavlou, Perceived information security, financial liability and consumer trust in electronic commerce transactions, Logistics Information Management Volume 15 . Number 5\/6 . 2002 . pp. 358-368, p361.<\/p>\n

[51] ( Kate Tokeley, Luke R Nottage And Christine Riefa, Comparative Consumer Law Reform And Economic Integration, Victoria University Of Wellington Legal Research Papers, Volume 6 Issue No 4, 2016, P60.<\/p>\n

[52] ( Kate Tokeley, Luke R Nottage And Christine Riefa, Comparative Consumer Law Reform And Economic Integration, Ibid, 63.<\/p>\n

[53] ( Binding\/Purnhagen, Regulations on E-Commerce Consumer Protection Rules in China and Europe Compared \u2013 Same Same but Different, 3 (2011) JIPITEC (Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law), 186 para. 1.<\/p>\n

[54] ( James C. Cooper, George Mason University School of Law North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, Forthcoming George Mason University Law and Economics Research Paper Series, March 15, 2015, p6.<\/p>\n

[55] (LAWRENCE J. TRAUTMAN, E-Commerce, Cyber, and Electronic Payment System Risks: Lessons from PayPal UC Davis Business Law Journal [Vol. 16, 9\/22\/2016, p285. see also: David E. Sorkin, Payment Methods for Consumer-to-Consumer Online Transactions, 35 AKRON L. REV. 1 (2001).<\/p>\n

[56] ( JOHN ROTHCHILD, Protecting the Digital Consumer: The Limits of Cyberspace Utopianism, INDIANA LAW JOURNAL, Vol. 74:893-998, 1999, p955.<\/p>\n

[57] (Acep Rohendi, Consumer Protection In The E-Commerce : Indonesian Law And International Law Perspective. Jl. International School 1-6, Bandung, Indonesia Ecodemica, Vol Iii. No.2 September 2015, Pp.478-488.<\/p>\n

[58] ( Leon E. TRAKMAN, The Boundaries of Contract Law in Cyberspace, International Business Law Journal \/ (IBLJ), No. 2, 2009, UNSW Law Research Paper No. 2009 13, p.163.<\/p>\n

[59] (Box-wrap refers to the conditions to which the purchaser must adhere on opening the box. Click-wrap and browse-wrap contracts refer to online transactions.<\/p>\n

[60] (Shrink-wrap licenses are named after the clear plastic wrapping in which most software packages are contained on purchase. It sets out the binding conditions to which the software purchaser must \u201cadhere\u201d on opening the package.<\/p>\n

[61] ( In a click-wrap contract the user is provided with the terms and conditions of the contract, usually an end user agreement, at the end of which a dialogue \u201cI agree\u201d box pops up on the screen which the user must sign in order to download or otherwise use the product.<\/p>\n

[62] (Christine RIEFA, The reform of electronic consumer contracts in Europe: towards an effective legal framework?, Lex Electronica, Vol. 14, No. 2, Automne-Fall 2009, pp25-28.<\/p>\n

[63] ( Zheng Sophia Tang, Private International Law in \u201cConsumer Contracts: A European Perspective\u201d, which has been published in final form at Journal of Private International Law, Vol.6 No.1, 225-248, 2010, p11.<\/p>\n

[64] ( Gralf-Peter Calliess, Transnational Consumer Law: Co-Regulation of B2C-E-Commerce, CLPE (Comparative Research in Law and Political Economy Forum-Osgoode Hall Law School, York University) RESEARCH PAPER SERIES VOL. 03 NO. 03, (2007).<\/p>\n

([65] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (147) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (147) \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

([66] \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 75.<\/p>\n

([67] \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (3) \u060c (19) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

[68] ( Code de la consommation Article L121-25, \u201cDans les sept jours, jours f\u00e9ri\u00e9s compris, \u00e0 compter de la commande ou de l\u2019engagement d\u2019achat, le client a la facult\u00e9 d\u2019y renoncer par lettre recommand\u00e9e avec accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception. Si ce d\u00e9lai expire normalement un samedi, un dimanche ou un jour f\u00e9ri\u00e9 ou ch\u00f4m\u00e9, il est prorog\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au premier jour ouvrable suivant. Toute clause du contrat par laquelle le client abandonne son droit de renoncer \u00e0 sa commande ou \u00e0 son engagement d\u2019achat est nulle et non avenue\u201d. Cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Loi 93-949 1993-07-26 annexe JORF 27 juillet 1993.<\/p>\n

([69] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 126\u061b \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0635 188.<\/p>\n

([70] \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 76.<\/p>\n

[71] ( Article (9) :\u201d Save where the exceptions provided for in Article 16 apply, the consumer shall have a period of 14 days to withdraw from a distance or off-premises contract, without giving any reason, and without incurring any costs other than those provided for in Article 13(2) and Article 14. DIRECTIVE 2011\/83\/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2011.<\/p>\n

([72] \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (30) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 83 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2000 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 9 \u0627\u0648\u062a 2000 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

[73] ( Tamas Dezso Czigler, E-Consumer Protection In The US-The Same Jungle As In Europe, Comparative Law Review, Special Issue. New Approaches In Comparative Law (NACL), Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 2013, P12.<\/p>\n

([74] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (15) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[75] ( Yu, Ying and Shen, Mingnan, Consumer Protection as the \u2018Open Sesame\u2019 that Allows Alibaba to Crush the Forty Thieves (Gaining Market Power by Protecting Consumers: A Private Company Blows China\u2019s Banks Away)). Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, January 30, 2015, p 4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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