{"id":7205,"date":"2016-10-08T02:10:16","date_gmt":"2016-10-07T23:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=7205"},"modified":"2017-12-03T04:58:47","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T01:58:47","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n

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\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064aFMI.<\/p>\n

-I \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a “\u0628\u0625\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631” \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649,\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. [1]<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628:<\/p>\n

1- \u0625\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

3- \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

4- \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

5- \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 “\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451944\u0645, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062903 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064922 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u06451944\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 “\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f, \u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.[2]<\/p>\n

-1 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064aFMI:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u063944\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u06291944\u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 “\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632\/ \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u06291929\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. [3]<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629(1)\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u200c- \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u200c- \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629, \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a, \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u200c- \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644, \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u200c- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u200c- \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645, \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u200c- \u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621.1\u064e<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062907 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062901, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062904 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627, \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627.[4]<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062906\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062906: \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, (\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0628Stanley Fischer “premier directeur adjoint” \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u06291946 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631FMI\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. [5]<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:la coop\u00e9ration international<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628FMI \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062aFMI\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629, \u0641\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629FMI\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a06\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

FMI \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646S.Fischer \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641FMI:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645FMI \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621, \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628S. Fischer \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 FMI \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631, \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644, \u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649FMI \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631FMI:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629), \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.[6]<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a, \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. [7]<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648.\u0645.\u0623 \u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a “Hary White”, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a “\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0632” \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a, \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644, \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628215\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631$ \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451995, \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u06472300\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641, \u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

-2 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 “\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632” \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631”. \u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646330\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631$. [8]<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645”, \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629(1) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.[9]<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631BIRD, \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629IDA, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451960\u0645, \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627,[10]\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646BIRD \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a, \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451957\u0645, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631ICSID, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0627\u06451966, \u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641MIGA, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a1988.<\/p>\n

\u0623- \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629IFC:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u06451957, \u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u06311957, \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646, \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.[11]<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d, \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646172\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631ICSID:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451966, \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0646127\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u062c- \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641MIGA:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645198, \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629141\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b.[12]<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632, \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635, \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. [13]<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a7000\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646, \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646, \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631,…\u0625\u0644\u062e.)<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0621, \u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648%20\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643, \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647, \u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 (\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627, \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646, \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627, \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627, \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627) \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06461\/3 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643, \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f10\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631$ , \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649100.000\u0633\u0647\u0645, \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0645100.000$.[14]<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

-%10\u062a\u0633\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628, \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n

-%90\u062a\u0633\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648. [15]<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646, \u0648 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a179\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a176\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u06481995, \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. [16]<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

-3 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u06291948 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 “\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 “\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629”ITO”, \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629GATT, \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.[17]<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629GATT: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n

2- \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.[18]<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633OMC \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646\u06291947 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062923\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u064710\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631$, \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628%20 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.[19]<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062962\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648(1979-1973) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. [20]<\/p>\n

-II \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u061f \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f\u061f<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629, \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0648 \u0647\u064a: “\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644, \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639, \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629…, \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644, \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629, \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.[21]<\/p>\n

-1\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646, \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627, \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627, \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642, \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a, \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631, \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623-Swaps:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629, \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629Interest Rate, \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629Currency Swaps.<\/p>\n

\u0628-Financial FutureContract:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627, \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a. [24]<\/p>\n

-2 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627, \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629Credit Euro Currencey \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 “Eurodolla” \u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627, \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629, \u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639Deposit \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a”Eurobond \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627.[25] \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0623- \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)Substitudes fordomesticintermediation.<\/p>\n

\u0628- \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 “Alternativeinteradinginterbank” .<\/p>\n

\u062c- \u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062f- \u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.[26]<\/p>\n

-3\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a, \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062a\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u061f\u061f<\/p>\n

– III \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

-1 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628, \u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a, \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:[28]<\/p>\n

\u0623- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647, \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a, \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a, \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a, \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641, \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644, \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631, \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628…\u0625\u0644\u062e.[29]<\/p>\n

\u0628- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0628-1- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0628-2- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644, \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627), \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629, … \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a, \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.[30]<\/p>\n

-2 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644, \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644, \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0647\u0627, \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a, \u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.[31]<\/p>\n

-3 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u200c- \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u200c- \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u200c- \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u200c- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645, \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u200c- \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631, \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u200c- \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.[32]<\/p>\n

-4 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

-1-4 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a, \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

2- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

3- \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635, \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631, \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0635\u0635\u0629.[33]<\/p>\n

-2-4 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2- \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645, \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643, \u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u200c- \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a, \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644… \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u200c- \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629, \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u200c- \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627, \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646(1939-1917) \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u06291944, \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a “\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632” \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645, \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064aBIRD, \u0648 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629OMC, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629…) \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a, \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d8 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639,2001.<\/p>\n

2- \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639, \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631,1996.<\/p>\n

4- \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644), \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628,1993.<\/p>\n

5- \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0648 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628,2000.<\/p>\n

\u00d8 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

vSid Ali Boukrami, Les m\u00e9canismes mon\u00e9taires et financiers ; 1986 ; Ccpyright Enap Emal ; N\u00b0 45A86.<\/p>\n

\u00d8 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u062c\u0648\u0627\u06461998.<\/p>\n

[1]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639, 2001, \u0635 407.<\/p>\n

[2]\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629, \u0635 48.<\/p>\n

[3]1\u064e \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631, 1996, \u0635 83.<\/p>\n

[4] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647, \u0635 84.<\/p>\n

[5]\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 98 ,Stanley Fischer, \u0635 02.<\/p>\n

[6] , \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629, Stanley Fischer ,\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 04.<\/p>\n

[7]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 420.<\/p>\n

[8]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 409-420.<\/p>\n

[9]Sid Ali Boukrami, \u00ab les m\u00e9canismes mon\u00e9taires et financier , copyright Enap Emal ; N\u00b045A86, 1986.<\/p>\n

\n[10]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 409.<\/p>\n

[11]\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 53.<\/p>\n

[12]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 410.<\/p>\n

[13]\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 59.<\/p>\n

[14]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 411.<\/p>\n

[15]\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644), \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629, 1993, \u0635 316.<\/p>\n

[16]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 411.<\/p>\n

[17]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 445.<\/p>\n

[18]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 445.<\/p>\n

[19]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0635 446.<\/p>\n

[20]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f, \u0635 447.<\/p>\n

[21]\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629, 1996, \u0635 59.<\/p>\n

[22]\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0635 22.<\/p>\n

[23]\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0635 63.<\/p>\n

[24]\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0635 66.<\/p>\n

[25]\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639, \u0635 67.<\/p>\n

[26]\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0635 71.<\/p>\n

[27]\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0635 72.<\/p>\n

[28]\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628, \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628, 2000, \u0635 12.<\/p>\n

[29]\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 13.<\/p>\n

[30]\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 14.<\/p>\n

[31]\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 28-29.<\/p>\n

[32]\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628, \u0635 64.<\/p>\n

[33] \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635 68.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646, \u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629, \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641, \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a, \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[47,8,53,381,1079,493,37,7],"class_list":["post-7205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-legal-research","tag-8","tag-53","tag-381","tag-1079","tag-493","tag-37","tag-7"],"views":4937,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7205"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7205\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}