{"id":6244,"date":"2016-09-25T23:44:43","date_gmt":"2016-09-25T20:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=6244"},"modified":"2017-12-03T04:56:29","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T01:56:29","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a4%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a4%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a
\n\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:
\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646:
\n– \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629\u061f
\n– \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:
\n1 – \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647.
\n2 – \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647.
\n3 – \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631.
\n4 – \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
\n5 – \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621.
\n6 – \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 – \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 11 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1923 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0629 (452) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 (4) \u0635\u0640 (617) \u0628\u0646\u062f (912).
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909\u061f
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647 lettre, morte \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 – \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 18 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1922 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0635\u0640 79 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623.
\n\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a 17 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1922 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0629 (19) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 13 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:
\n1 – \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 – \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 1 – 5 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0646 – \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1) – (4) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (65) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.
\n2 – \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 – \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (66) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.
\n3 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.
\n4 – \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 – \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (15) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (78) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n5 – \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (21) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (26) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0629 (19).
\n\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884.
\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646:
\n1 – \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 21 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1912 (\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627).
\n2 – \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1919 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649.
\n\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647.
\n3 – \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1920:
\n(\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629).
\n4 – \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a 7 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1921.
\n5 – \u0648\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1922:
\n(\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645).
\n\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0629 (19) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 (\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0629 (16) \u062d\u0641\u0631 ( \u0623 ) \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621) – \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627.
\n\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.
\n\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621.
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (152) \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645).
\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645) \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u061f
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 (900)\u060c (901) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

par l\u2019effet m\u00eame du principe d\u2019o\u00fa elle part la responsabilit\u00e9 du commettant est limit\u00e9e aux actes commis par le pr\u00e9pos\u00e9 dans l\u2019exercice de ses fonctions,
\ncar l\u2019on ne peut pr\u00e9sumer que le commettant ait donn\u00e9 \u00e0 ses pr\u00e9pos\u00e9s l\u2019ordre de d\u00e9linquer dans des actes \u00e9trangers aux fonctions auxquelles il les emploie; d\u00e8s lors il n\u2019y a aucune relation entre son propre fait et le dommage caus\u00e9. D\u2019ailleurs en dehors de ces fonctions il n\u2019y a plus d\u2019ordre \u00e0 donner, ni de surveillance \u00e0 exercer, il n\u2019aurait \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard ni autorit\u00e9, ni int\u00e9r\u00eat.
\nMais d\u00e9s l\u2019instant o\u00fa l\u2019acte dommageable quel qu\u2019il soit se rattache par un lien direct \u00e0 l\u2019objet de la fonction confi\u00e9e au pr\u00e9pos\u00e9 et se produit dans l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de cette fonction, le commetant en est responsable, peu importe que cet acte constitue un abus de la fonction, que les ordres du ma\u00eetre aient pu \u00eatre m\u00eame m\u00e9connus. Cour de cass 23 mars 1909 D, 1908 – 351.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627:
\n– \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631.
\n– \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0628\u0629.
\n– \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629.
\n– \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n

N\u2019avait eu pour objet, ni pour but les fonctions du serviteur; il suffit qu\u2019il s\u2019y rattache d\u2019une mani\u00e8re quelconque par des circonstances de temps, de lieu, et de service.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 responsabilit\u00e9 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (122) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/p>\n

comme tous les pr\u00e9pos\u00e9s, les domestiques n\u2019engagent, par leurs actes. la responsabilit\u00e9 de leurs ma\u00eetres que lorsqu’ils agissent dans l\u2019exercice de leurs fonctions.
\nCette condition ne se rapporte pas seulement au temps pendant lequel ils sont en service, c\u2019est \u00e0 diretant que dure leur engagement, mais encore au fait m\u00eame qui doit \u00eatre commis au moment o\u00f9 ils faisaient effectivement un acte de service.
\nCependant l\u2019acte dommageable m\u00eame ne doit pas \u00eatre un acte command\u00e9 par ce service, car il est probable que les ma\u00eetres ne veulent point que leurs domestiques fassent du mal \u00e0 autrui, mais il faut cependant que l\u2019acte se rattache \u00e0 ce service d\u2019une facon plus ou moins dir\u00e9cte et \u00e9troite que les tribunaux ont \u00e0 appr\u00e9cier.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

The Egyptian code says \u201cEn exercant leurs fonctions\u2019 the French code says \u201cdans les fonctions dans lesquelles ils sont employ\u00e9s\u201d
\nIt is universally agreed that the liability of the commettant is not limited to cases where the damage was caused by doing in a careless unskilfull manner an act which the pr\u00e9pos\u00e9 was employed to do.
\nThe liability is much wider than this. It is not essential that the wrong act should be in the performance of his fonctions. It is enough that it was on the occasion of the performance of the work and was connected with it. Dalloz supp. Resp. no 764 cass. 6 Ao\u00fbt 1907 8 1908 – 1 \u2013 281.
\nThe act causing the damage must be connected with the prepose and not entirely foreign to him. But an act which is done in the abuse of the authority is in this sense, done in the course of the employment. D. 1908 \u2013 1351.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f.
\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627:
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632 D. 1909 5 75 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909.
\n– \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1917 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 133 Revue Trimestrielle \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 pourboire \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n

parce que cet acte se rattache \u00e0 l\u2019objet de la fonction confi\u00e9e au pr\u00e9pos\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n

But the act of the chauffeur in taking out the substitute for a holiday was sufficent connected with his fonctions.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n

An accident was caused by the act of an omnibus driver who pulled his horses sharply across the road in order to obstruct a rival omnibus. It was held that it was no defence that the company had given special orders to him and to all drivers not to race with or obstrcut other omnibus case of Simpus and London Omnibus.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 31 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1921 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0647 (\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645).
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f – \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0636\u064e\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647.
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1925 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0643 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641.
\n\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0631\u0629 (704) \u0633\u0646\u0629 (41) \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c
\n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c
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\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645.
\n\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645.
\n\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.
\n\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1909.
\n\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a.
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\n\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0647.
\n\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (901) \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 23 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1907 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632 1908 – 1 – 315.
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