{"id":5591,"date":"2016-09-18T04:49:49","date_gmt":"2016-09-18T01:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=5591"},"modified":"2017-12-03T04:54:29","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T01:54:29","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a : \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a(1) \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 .
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a : \u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a
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\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629(4) \u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:
\n(1) \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629
\n(2) \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629
\n\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649(5) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(6)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 :<< \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648 >>(7). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0647\u0627 :<\/strong>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629
\n\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 .
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 .
\n\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 03 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1878 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b .
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 .<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0636\u0629: <\/strong>
\n1- \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(1)
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b(2)
\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 : \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0643\u0638\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a
\n\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 :
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f
\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u2019\u2019 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c:
\n1- \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647(3) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u063a \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0643\u0638\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 .
\n2- \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.
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\n5- \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a(3)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n1- \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a .
\n2- \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647.
\n3- \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646 (( kahn )) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 ((\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627)) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a BUZZATI ((\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633))(1)
\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 .
\n4- \u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627.
\n5- \u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0627-) \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636:<\/strong><\/span> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u060c\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 .
\n\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636:
\n1- \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 .
\n2- \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629(1)<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631:\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 (\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 .
\n\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a : \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0624 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a(1) .
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a(2) :
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u064a
\n1- \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 .
\n2- \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a .
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a .
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f: \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629 (1)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627:
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 :<\/strong><\/span> \u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646:
\n\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u064518\u0642.\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640:\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062c .<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u060c\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u060c\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u060c\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :(1)
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 2 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629
\n1 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u06454
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u064535
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u064529
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u064530
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064530 -\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u064a
\n-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a
\n-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a
\n-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u064a 27
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a 32
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064529
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u064528
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1940 \u0641\u064a \u064532 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1942\u0641\u064a \u064530 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645 17 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 .
\n(1)\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0645 27 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 ((\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635)) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064528 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u064529 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645 32 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064572 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 05 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1961 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 .<\/p>\n

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\n(1) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0649\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.
\n(2) \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u064523 \u0642 \u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 ((\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647)).
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0640\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0640\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0640\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f \u064523 \u0642 \u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0629 .
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0640\u0647\u0630\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :
\n– \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644.
\n\u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n– \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0646\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 Le Plan<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

1- \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639
\n2- \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a)
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0629
\n4- \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a
\n\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 locus<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n1- \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2000
\n2- \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628
\n3- \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2000
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a
\n5- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/p>\n

Notions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales : Ce probl\u00e8me trouve sa source dans un conflit de rattachement d\u00fb \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9 des solutions de conflit selon pays.
\n– conflit positif : plusieurs Etats affirment chacun la comp\u00e9tence de leur propre loi.
\n– Conflit n\u00e9gatif : un Etat d\u00e9clin la comp\u00e9tence que lui attribue un autre.
\nFaut-il tenir compte des solutions \u00e9trang\u00e8re de conflit ?
\n– En cas de conflit positif. la r\u00e9ponse est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement n\u00e9gative
\n– En cas de conflit n\u00e9gatif , elle peut \u00eatre affirmative ; c\u2019est le probl\u00e8me du renvoi
\n\u00a71- Admission du renvoi par la jurisprudence fran\u00e7aise.
\nA-Renvoi \u00e0 la loi du juge ou renvoi au premier degr\u00e9.
\n1. Exemple : Statut personnel d\u2019un Anglais domicili\u00e9 en France.
\nUn tribunal fran\u00e7ais est saisi d\u2019une question d\u2019\u00e9tat ou de capacit\u00e9 concertant un Anglais domicili\u00e9 en France.
\nSelon le droit international priv\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais, la loi comp\u00e9tente est la loi nationale, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la loi anglaise.
\nSelon le droit international priv\u00e9 anglaise, la loi comp\u00e9tente est la loi du domicile c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la loi fran\u00e7ais.
\nLe droit anglais renvoie au droit fran\u00e7ais doit-il accepter ce renvoi ?.
\n2. Affaire Forgo.
\nA servi de point de d\u00e9part \u00e0 la doctrine du renvoi.
\nSuccession mobili\u00e8re d\u2019un Bavarois ayant v\u00e9cu et \u00e9tant d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en France sans y avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 admis \u00e0 domicile. Selon le droit international priv\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais, il en r\u00e9sultait la comp\u00e9tence de la loi bavaroise. Mais le droit bavaroise donnait comp\u00e9tence \u00e0 la loi du domicile de fait c\u2019est \u00e0-dire la loi fran\u00e7aise. La cour de cssation fran\u00e7aise a admis ce renvoi : Civ . 24 juin 1878, D. 1879. 1.56,confirm\u00e9 par Rep.22 f\u00e9vrier 1882,n D.1.301.<\/p>\n

Depuis l\u2019arret Forgo, la Cour de cassation fran\u00e7aise s\u2019est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement prononc\u00e9e pour l\u2019application de cette forme de renvoi.
\nArr\u00eat principaux :
\n– Souli\u00e9 1er mars 1910 : succession.
\n– Birchall 10mai 1939 et Bradford 1er avril 1954 : divorce d\u2019\u00e9poux anglais domicili\u00e9s en France.
\n– Sommer c-dame Mayer 8 d\u00e9cembre 1953 : filiation naturelle.
\nDans les pays du Proche-Orient le renvoi est exclu. Au Liban le jurisprudence libanaise a essay\u00e9 d\u2019appliquer le renvoi au 1er degr\u00e9 dans les successions des non-musulmans-loi civile-droit commun. Depuis le jurisprudence avait cess\u00e9 de mettre en application le renvoi \u2013 derni\u00e8rement un jugement (juge unique Beyrouth) applique le renvoi ; ende le proclamant comme principe de solution que le droit libanais admet sauf exception contraire \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public.
\nOn ne pourrait appliquer le renvoi parce que le structure du statut personnel est communautaire et quelle loi parmi les dix sept faut-il renvoyer.<\/p>\n

Mais rien n\u2019emp\u00eache d\u2019appliquer le renvoi qu 2e degr\u00e9 pourtant il n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9.
\nB- Renvoi \u00e0 la loi d\u2019un pays ou renvoi au second degr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

1. Exemple : Statut personnel d\u2019un Anglais domicili\u00e9 au Danemark.
\nUn tribunal fran\u00e7ais est saisi d\u2019une question de capacit\u00e9 concernant un Anglais domicile au Danemark.
\nSelon le drit international prive fran\u00e7ais , la loi comp\u00e9tente est la loi national c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la loi anglais . Mais le droit international priv\u00e9 anglais donne comp\u00e9tence \u00e0 la loi du domicile c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la loi danoise . il y a renvoi du droit danois.
\n2. jurisprudence : moins fournie mais \u00e9galement favorable
\nCette forme de renvoi a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e dans plusieurs affaires, notamment de divorce, de fa\u00e7on implicite ou explicite ( arr\u00eat patino Civ 1,15 mai 1963).<\/p>\n

Remarque : A l\u2019\u00e9tranger le probl\u00e8me du renvoi a re\u00e7u des solutions diverses (rejet en Italie). Mais le bilan des droits positifs demeure nettement favorable \u00e0 l\u2019admission du renvoi.<\/p>\n

\u00a7 2- Etude critique<\/p>\n

A- Th\u00e8ses du renvoi logiquement n\u00e9cessaire.
\n1- Fondement commun.
\na – Toutes les th\u00e8ses qui consid\u00e8rent le renvoi comme une solution n\u00e9cessaire et une cons\u00e9quence logique du droit des conflits reposent sur l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019on ne doit pas appliquer une loi \u00e9trang\u00e8re contrairement \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat qui l\u2019\u00e9dicte.<\/p>\n

Appliquer la loi anglaise \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019Anglais domicili\u00e9 en France, c\u2019est porter atteinte \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 l\u00e9gislative anglaise et c\u2019est appliquer une loi qui n\u2019existe pas car il n\u2019y a pas de loi anglaise sur la capacit\u00e9 pour les Anglais domicili\u00e9s hors d\u2019Angleterre.<\/p>\n

b- C\u2019est Faux.
\nLe droit des conflits de chaque pays d\u00e9limite- et a pouvoir de d\u00e9limiter en l\u2019absence de souverain international \u2013 la comp\u00e9tence des diverses lois du monde. Il exprime un choix sur le meilleur am\u00e9nagement des comp\u00e9tences l\u00e9gislatives dans les rapports internationaux.<\/p>\n

A moins d\u2019admettre le caract\u00e8re unilat\u00e9ral des r\u00e8gles de conflit \u2013 rejet\u00e9 par tout syst\u00e8me juridique- il faut convenir que le droit des conflits peut commander l\u2019application d\u2019une loi \u00e9trang\u00e8re hors du domaine qu\u2019elle s\u2019assigne.<\/p>\n

2.Variantes. Elles sont nombreuses.
\na- Renvoi d\u00e9l\u00e9gation.
\n1- Le renvoi est la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019une application direct et n\u00e9cessaire de la r\u00e8gle de conflit \u00e9trang\u00e8re qui forme un tout indivisible avec le droit interne . Il r\u00e9sulte d\u2019une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de comp\u00e9tence accord\u00e9e au system \u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n

2- Objection du cercle vicieux : Si l\u2019indivisibilit\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles de conflit et des r\u00e8gles internes est vrai, elle vaut aussi pour le droit du for. Or, par hypoth\u00e8se, du moins dans le renvoi au premier degr\u00e9, le droit du for retourne la comp\u00e9tence \u00e0 celui qui la renvoie. On tombe dans un mouvement continuel de va-et-vient : \u00ab cabinet des miroirs \u00bb, \u00ab tennis international \u00bb.
\nb- Double renvoi.
\n1- Propos\u00e9 et appliqu\u00e9 en Angleterre : le juge saisi doit statuer comme l\u2019aurait fait le juge \u00e9tranger dont le droit est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 comp\u00e9tent. Sa d\u00e9cision variera selon que ce juge \u00e9tranger aurait au non appliqu\u00e9 le renvoi.
\n2- Ce syst\u00e8me n\u2019est praticable que si les autres ne l\u2019utilisent pas.<\/p>\n

c- Renvoi r\u00e8glement subsidiaire.
\n1- Puisque le droit \u00e9tranger se d\u00e9siste en d\u00e9clinant la comp\u00e9tence qui lui est accord\u00e9e par le droit du for, celui-ci doit fournir une nouvelle solution. A la place de sa r\u00e8gle de conflit normale qui ne peut jouer , il proposera une r\u00e8gle de conflit subsidiaire .
\n2- Cette construction \u00e9vite l\u2019objection du cercle vicieux . Mais elle d\u00e9buche sur une incertitude (quelle est la r\u00e8gle de conflit subsidiaire ) ou sur des complication extr\u00eames (doubler ou tripler toutes les r\u00e8gles de conflit ).
\nB- Th\u00e9se du renvoi pratiquement utile.
\nObservation : Cette th\u00e8se se contente de jistifier le renvoi sur le plan utilitaire en raison de ses avantages pratiques . On retiendra ceux qui apportent la justification d\u2019une tr\u00e8s large application du renvoi sous sa forme de renvoi d\u00e9l\u00e9gation .<\/p>\n

1.Renvoi au second des rattachements qui a rend possible l\u2019appli – cation d\u2019un rattachement diff\u00e9rent de celui du for , donc l\u2019application de la r\u00e8gle de conflit .<\/p>\n

2.la coordination des syst\u00e9mes de conflit que rend souhai \u2013 table la prise en consid\u00e9ration des r\u00e9gles de conflit \u00e9tran \u2013 g\u00e9res .<\/p>\n

3-Application du renvoi.<\/p>\n

B- L\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de la r\u00e9gle de renvoi.
\nDans la conception du renvoi d\u00e9l\u00e9gation qui est celle de la jurispru \u2013 dence, le renvoi r\u00e9sulte de l\u2019application de la r\u00e9gle \u00e9trang\u00e9re de conflit .L\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de cette r\u00e9gle doit \u00e9tre donn\u00e9e selon la loi \u00e9trng\u00e9re. Les qualifications n\u00e9cessaires son application seront celles du droit \u00e9tranger.
\nExemples : S\u2019il y a renvoi par le droit anglais \u00e0 la du domicile, c\u2019est dans le droit anglais qui\u2019 il faut prendre la d\u00e9finition du domicile.
\nC- Exceptions au renvoi.
\nLa jurisprudence tran\u00e7aise a admis le renvoi en toute mati\u00e9re. ll se d\u00e9v\u00e9loppe cependant une tendance pour en exclure l\u2019application en certains domaines .<\/p>\n

1.R\u00e9gle d\u2019autonomie : La loi comp\u00e9tente r\u00e9sultant d\u2019une manifes. tation de volont\u00e9 , le renvoi ne doit pas faire \u00e9chec \u00e0 cette volont\u00e9 A mon avis, cela n\u2019exctut pas syst\u00e9matiquement le renvoi , mais oblige \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e (cf. Paris, 1er juin 1978 , Massine , Rev. Crit., 1979 \u2013 763 , not Wie \u2013 derher).<\/p>\n

Se tondant sur cette volont\u00e9 , la Cour de cassation fran\u00e7aise a \u00e9cart\u00e9 le jeu du renvoi en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9gime matrimondial ou le droit fran\u00e7aise applique la r\u00e8gle d\u2019autonomie (Civ 1er ,27janv 1969 Lardans Rev crit 1969 711 not Derrupp\u00e9, J,C,P)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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