{"id":3436,"date":"2016-08-14T19:55:17","date_gmt":"2016-08-14T16:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=3436"},"modified":"2017-12-03T03:02:12","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T00:02:12","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n

=======
\n\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629
\n=======<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 – \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a 2\/1\/1969 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0652 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0651\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1983\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a (ARPANE) \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650\u064a\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (MILNET) \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d ((\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a)) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1986\u0645) \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 (NSFNET) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062e\u060c1421\u0647\u0640: 21- 24).<\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u061f <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 (Thompson, 1999).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1985\u0645) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 (2.000) \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 (5.000.000) \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1995\u0645) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1997\u0645) \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 (6.000.000) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a (300.000) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a (SERVER) \u060c\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645, \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a (2.000.000) \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 (46) \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c1997\u0645: 15).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (NUA) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (NUA, 1998) \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1998\u0645) \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (134.000.000) \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (70.000.000) \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 (NUA ,6\/1998).
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (NUA) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 26\/10\/2000\u0645 (NUA, 2000) \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2005\u0645) \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (245.000.000) \u0645\u0626\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (NUA ,10\/2000).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628 (Ajeeb.com,25\/3\/2001) \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640(5.000.000) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2001\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 (12.000.000) \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2002\u0645)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640(570.000) \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.
\n\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a 2) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: ” \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a” ( \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c 1997\u0645 : 38).
\n\u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f (Star band) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a (500) \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0643.\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c2000).<\/p>\n

\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a.
\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.
\n3. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.
\n4. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n5. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.
\n6. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u060c\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u060c\u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.
\n7. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a: (FTP)\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL).
\n8. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: (ARCHIVE) \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.
\n9. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: (GOPHER) \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.
\n10. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642: (WAIS) \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.
\n11. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f: (TELNET) \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631.
\n12. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:(WORLD WIDE WEB) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (WEB) \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 ( \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 1421\u0647\u0640 : 34-38).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a) \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a :
\n1. \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649.
\n2. \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645.
\n3. \u062e\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a.
\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.
\n5. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 (INTERNET EXPLORER)\u0648 (NETSCAPE)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a )\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a).
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u064f\u0634\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0652 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0648\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 : 604 \u2013 605).
\n\u0648\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: ” \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0631” (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c 1417\u0647\u0640 : 19).
\n\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:” \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 “( \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c1410\u0647\u0640 : 21 ).
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 ” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a ” ( \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c 1995\u0645 : 73 ).
\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 ” \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629” ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640 : 102 ).
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a ” \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0641\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 “(\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640: 252 ).
\n\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 (Vacca , 1996 ).
\n\u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (Internet Crimes) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 16 \u2013 17\/2\/1998\u0645 (\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640 : 2).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u064f \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 : \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (Business Software Alliance) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (30.000.000) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648 (1.400.000) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640 : 98).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 (24\u2013 42\u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c 1999\u0645 : 5 ).
\n\u0648\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FBI)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u060c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 (240) \u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 Computer Fraud))\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 (262) \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (92.000.000) \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b ( \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c 1995\u0645 : 21 ).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 ” \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627” ( \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c 1410\u0647\u0640 : 22).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0627\u060c2001\u0645 : 103).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 .
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.
\n\u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a (15) \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c2000\u0645 ).
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u060c 1422\u0647\u0640).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a : \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 .
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\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 : \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u2013 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b – \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Thompson, 1999).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0640” \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629” ( \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c 1421\u0647\u0640 : 68).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1993\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 (\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640:56 \u2013 259).
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1994\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c2000\u0645 : 5 \u2013 10).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640 :113).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1973\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640 : 108\u061b \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640 : 255)
\n\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (1976\u0645 \u2013 1985\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1985\u0645) \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1986\u0645) \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 (1213) \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2000\u0645) \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a (FBI) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640: 109\u061b \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c 2001\u0645: 92 \u2013 94\u061b \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640: 255).
\n\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1981\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640 : 109\u061b \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640 : 255)
\n\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1985\u0645) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 (The Competition Act) \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2000\u0645 : 263\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640 : 110\u061b \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640 : 255)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1985\u0645) \u0633\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640 : 110\u061b \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640 : 255)
\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1988\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (19-88) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1994\u0645) \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 (\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c 2000\u0645 : 91- 92\u060c 115\u061b \u0634\u062a\u0627\u060c 2001\u0645 : 70)
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2000\u0645 : 222\u060c 263)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1991\u0645) \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2000\u0645 : 222\u060c 276).
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2000\u0645 : 276).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648) \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640 : 39\u060c 43).<\/p>\n

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\n“\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d” (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976\u0645 : 228)
\n\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644” (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c 1417\u0647\u0640:1).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. (\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 1401\u0647\u0640 : 66). \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u064a “\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647” (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976\u0645 : 24).
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\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646”(\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976\u0645: 31)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b “\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f” (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976\u0645: 185)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 -\u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629- \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
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(43.613.508) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 (83.5\u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (20\u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1999\u0645) \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (8\u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (18) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (970) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (3) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (12) \u0648 (15) \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0633\u062a (Adsit) ( Adsit, 1999 ) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a ( 70.000 ) \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (15\u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645(9.600.000) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1998\u0645).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648 (YAHOO) \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (171) \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 (3) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (8683) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u062a (GLOBELIST) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (6) \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f (5) \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627 (TOPICA) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.
\n\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631: \ufd3f \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u063a\u064f\u0636\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0638\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e(30) \ufd3e.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ” \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639” ( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c 1417\u0647\u0640 : 100).
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\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 :<\/p>\n

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\n\u200c\u0628- \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u064a “\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d” (\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976\u0645 : 226)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 “\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d” (\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976\u0645 : 228).<\/p>\n

4. \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633”.<\/p>\n

5. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646:
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f :
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\u200c\u0628- \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 :
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1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 :<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648” \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a ( \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a” ( \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640: 83 ).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a ( \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640: 37).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1997\u0645) \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (FBI) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636( 43\u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 (1-5) \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Wilson,2000)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u0629 (Hacker) (Koerner,1999).
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FBI) \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 (Wilson,2000).
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1997\u0645) \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0634 (Massachusetts) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (250) \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 (Wilson,2000)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Koerner,1999).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1979\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f (581) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0646 (50\u066a) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 (47) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (7.3\u066a) \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 (75) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (13.3\u066a) \u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (Skinner & Fream, 1997).
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1999\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FBI) \u0639\u0646 (800) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644(Hacking) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1998\u0645)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 (300\u066a) \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 (Koerner,1999).
\n\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644(Hacking) \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Hackers)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (hacker internet chat room) \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (Staff, 2000, February 17).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FBI) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 (Hackers) \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 (Hacking) \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Hackers)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Hackers) \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 (Brian Martin) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (Jericho) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 (New Youk Times) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (Staff, 2000 April 2).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (The US Secret Service) \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 (Hacking) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Thomas,2000).
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 ( \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c10\/6\/2001\u0645 ).<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 : <\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 (Communication-Ports) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 (Queues) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627( \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c1420\u0647\u0640:93).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0647.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a (Fred Cohen) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 ( Highley,1999 ).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 Brain)) \u0648(Newzeland)
\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 (Cascade) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 (Vienna).
\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 (Spanish-Telecom) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 (Flip)
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( exe) \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c1419\u0647\u0640 : 63-66).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 (Boot Sector) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (File Injectors) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648 (Macro Virus). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0640\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0640\u0631\u0629 (Direct action) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (staying) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Polymorphs) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c2000).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 (Robert Morris) \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1988\u0645) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 (6200) \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631(Morningstar, 1998).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:
\n1. \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
\n2. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 (ICQ) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.
\n3.\u0639\u0640\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0640\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627.
\n4.\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.
\n5.\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0640\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a.
\n6.\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (FTP) \u0623\u0648 (Telnet) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.
\n7.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 (Nanoart,2000).<\/p>\n

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\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (<\/span>)<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0623\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 ( HSBC ) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a ( \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640 : 123 \u2013 124).
\n\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c “\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631” (\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c1404\u0647\u0640:29).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \ufd3f \u064e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0632\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c (38) \ufd3e
\n\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644: ” \u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0647”.
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644: ” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646”.<\/p>\n

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3. \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (210) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f ( 24 ) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f ( 4 ) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a(\u0623)\u060c 1999\u0645 : 36).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0640” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629”( \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640 \u060c \u0635 : 201 )\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 ” (\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c1420\u0647\u0640: 253).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1985\u0645) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1988\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1990\u0645)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1994\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1996\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1997\u0645) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1998\u0645) \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1419\u0647\u0640 :77-194).<\/p>\n

5. \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: <\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0623\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 http:\/\/www.cadca.org \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637.
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 (Join-Together) \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a(\u0628)\u060c 1999\u0645 : 39-40).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1961\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1971\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1988\u0645).
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1996\u0645) \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1986\u0645) \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.
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6. \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 :<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 http:\/\/www.answering-islam.org\/
\n\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639
\n\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \/http:\/\/www.thequran.com\/
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\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1999\u0645 : 28-35).
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\n\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17\/6\/1420\u0647\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643)\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 1423\u0647\u0640).<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645:<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:* <\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627.
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627 ( hackers ) \u0641\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (NSA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f (250) \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f(200) \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 ( \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c 2001\u0645 : 30-45).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621.
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c1420\u0647\u0640 : 211-214).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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