{"id":2704,"date":"2016-08-04T18:42:04","date_gmt":"2016-08-04T15:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=2704"},"modified":"2017-12-03T02:56:25","modified_gmt":"2017-12-02T23:56:25","slug":"%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a : \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a – \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641( \u0623\u0634\u0631)(Asher,1994) \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627(\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0641)(koposov.2003) \u0641\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 ( \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646)(Brennan2001) \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a(forensic phonetics) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647(\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0631)(fraser,2005) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b(speaker Identification)\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629(voiceprint) \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a(Voice Line-ups) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n

-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627(Genesis) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640(primogeniture)\u060c\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u00a0\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 . u)\u060c\u0641\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627(\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0644)(Cotterill.2003) \u0641\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647- \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629- \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u064a(Roger shuy) \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a( Forensic Linguistics)\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a)(Levi.1994).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a(Aborigine) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646(\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0633)(Eades,1994)\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a(FBI)\u060c\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631(\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627)(Tiersma) \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 ( \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c2001).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629( \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644)(Coulthard& Cotterill.2006).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f.\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

-\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627(\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646)(Brennan.2001).<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627(\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646)<\/p>\n

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\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647(\u0631\u0648\u0632)(Rose.2002) \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629( \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642)(Koenig<\/p>\n

.1993) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064b\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n

1-\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a(Auditory Identification) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a(Voice line- up).<\/p>\n

2-\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a(Technical Speaker Identificaion)\u060c\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629(Voiceprint).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639Auditory Identification<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u060c\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631(\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646)(Nolan.1997) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627) \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0632\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648) \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f:( \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0633 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062f).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c\u0641\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a(Voice line-up).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 ( \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646)(Brennan.2001) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646)(foulkes&Barron.200) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062a\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062a\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646( \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a)(Champon& meuwly.2000) \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u060c\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d ( \u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646)(Nolan.1997) \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627(Technical Speaker Identitication)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u060c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a(Henry sweet) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632(Daniel Johns)\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644(\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631)(Collins& Inger).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629(spectograms) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062e\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629(Voicepriant) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629( 1939-1945) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627( \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c2005).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u060c\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0641\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 ( \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c2005\u0645).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0646- \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c2005\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645(\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c2004).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0628\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a(Spectograph).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a( \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0629) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635(\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0646)(cain.2001).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a(spectrograph)\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a (FBI) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1% \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 99%(\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0646)(CANI.2001) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a(spectoraph)\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a(FBI)\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1% \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 99%<\/p>\n

(\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0646)(cain 2001)\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u2013\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646(Braun1994) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0642(Rodney King) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641Author Kdentification<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645(van Wyk.2000).<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a:-<\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

2-\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641(DNA).<\/p>\n

3-\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

8 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u064b: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0630 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a(\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641)- Koposov-2003\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 : \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647( \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646)-Brennan.2001.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628:Discourse Analysis<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627\u061f(\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627)-Tiersma.2003.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638- \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b- \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648(\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646)(coates.et .al.1944).<\/p>\n

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**<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 :<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n

\u062f\/ \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a : \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a – \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641( \u0623\u0634\u0631)(Asher,1994) \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627(\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0641)(koposov.2003) \u0641\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2705,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[31,330,259,287,364],"class_list":["post-2704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-39","tag-31","tag-330","tag-259","tag-287","tag-364"],"views":1081,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}