{"id":16662,"date":"2016-12-25T00:08:41","date_gmt":"2016-12-24T21:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=16662"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:23:30","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:23:30","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%83\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0640\u0642\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n( Des Services ) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a . \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 ( Professionnel ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 ( Consommateur ) .\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a ( \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 ) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 19 \u0645 \u064820 \u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a : \u0641\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n

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\n\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646 ( Les Salaries ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 19 \u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 .
\n\u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 (1) .<\/p>\n

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\n

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\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a ( S.F Kennedy ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1962 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u02dd Le Consumerism \u02dd .
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 RALPH NADER \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1970 \u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 General Motor \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 – \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 – \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u061f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 . \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .
\n\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 1988 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a .
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 ) \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 89- 02 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 07 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 1989 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 ( \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a ) .<\/p>\n

________________________________________<\/p>\n

1 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u2018\u2018 Marketing \u2018\u2018 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 .
\n\u0648\u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 . \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 :
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 .
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 : \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0640\u0633\u0640\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0640\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2) \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .
\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (3) . \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 . \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (4) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0645 .
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 .<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 : ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631
\n\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (5) .
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 :
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 .
\n\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 :
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a ) \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 : \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0636 ….\u0627\u0644\u062e . \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 ( Les Preliminaire Du Contrat ) (6) .
\n\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a (7) .
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a . \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u064f\u064f .
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 5 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 1993 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2 ) \u064f\u064f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064f\u064f .
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 .
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 . \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 . \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f . \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 . \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a .<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 :
\n\u0640 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 ( \u0643\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 ) . \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 ( DURABLE ) ( \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 ) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 ) \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .
\n\u0640 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a . \u0641\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a . \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062d \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 REPARATION ET NETTOYAGE ) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 ASSURANCE ET CREDIT ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 SOINS MEDICAUX ET CONSEILS JURIDIQUE ) .
\n\u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a . \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 . \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0647 ( \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 ) .
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 ( \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 ) \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 . \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f ( FOURNISSEUR ) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 . \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 (8) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 : \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a .<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a : \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 : \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646
\n( SOUSCRIRE UNE ASSURANCE ) \u060c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u060c \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a ( EMPRUNTER L ARGENT NECESSAIRE POUR CES DEPENSES )
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a . \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0640\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0627 : \u062a\u0640\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0640\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0624\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a ( IL ACQUIERT DU MATERIEL OU DE L\u00b4 OUTILLAGE ) ….\u0627\u0644\u062e . \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a . \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 .
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\n\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 . \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u064a \u0646\u062f\u064a( Kennedy ) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962 ” \u0643\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 ” .
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 . \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0627 .
\n\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 (9) .<\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 ( hybride ) \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 . \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 : \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f . \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u064a\u0646 :<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 . \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 : \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 . \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 ( Le principal l emporte sur l accessoire )\u00a0\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a . \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 . \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 :
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u060c
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u060c
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .
\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 : \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 . \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 . \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 ) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 . \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 . \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 . \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 .
\n\u0640 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 ( \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ) .\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 . \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 .
\n\u0640 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 . \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 ( Les pieges juridiques ) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \/ \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 (Binome competent \/ Profane ) \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 ( Binome Professionnel \/ Consommateur ) . \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 . \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647 . \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 : \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u064a\u0646 :<\/strong>
\n\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 . \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 .
\n\u0640 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 . \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 : ( Les epargnants faisant des actes de placement ) .<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 :
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627 .
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 ) \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 :
\n\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 ( Les actions en bourse ).
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 .
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 : \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 (10) .
\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 ) .<\/p>\n

\u062c \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 : Les Usagers des Services Publics<\/strong>
\n\u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 .
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u061f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u061f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 . \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a : \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 22 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1921 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a . \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 .\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 17\/ 07\/1978 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 28\/11\/1983 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 88- 131 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 4 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1988 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u061f<\/strong>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\n( \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ) \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 ( Voirie ) : \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .
\n\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a
\n( Droit Communautaire ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 . \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u061f<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 .
\n\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 . \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.
\n\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 :
\n\u0623 \u0640 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 . \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 .
\n\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a .
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 ( La Garantie Des Vices Caches ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633
\n( Les Fraudes et Falsifications ) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639 ( La Publicite Trompeuse ) \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 ( Le Code De La Consommation ) . \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643
\n( A L\u00b4 Application De Regles Qui n\u00b4 ont pas un But Consumeriste ) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 . \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 ( Les Vices de Consentement ) \u060c
\n\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f ( L\u00b4 Enexecution du Contrat ) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 ( La Competance Judiciaire ) \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 .
\n\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 : \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a ( Les Produits Alimentaires ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( Les Produits Pharmacetiques ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a( Les Voitures Automobiles ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 ( Logement ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a ( Les Assurances ) …..\u0627\u0644\u062e .
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 . \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 .<\/strong><\/em>
\n( Pluridisciplinarite Du Droit De La Consommation )
\n\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u061f
\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a . \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 . \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 ( Les Clauses Abusives ) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a .
\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 . \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 .
\n\u062c \u0640 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 . \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 ( Demarche ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 ( Credit ) .
\n\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 . \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 .
\n\u062f \u0640 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 . \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0647\u0640 \u0640 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 :
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0640 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645
\n( Les Usagers ) \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 ( \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 ) . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 ( \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a ( Droit Judiciaire ) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a . \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0644
\n( \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 ) \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 . \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 .
\n\u0623 \u0640 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 ( \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) . \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c ( \u062c\u0645\u0639 ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 .
\n\u0628 \u0640 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 ( Le Droit De La Distribution ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 . \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 . \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u062c \u0640 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 : \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 : \u0641\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 : \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 .<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 : <\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u061f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 : \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 20\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a ( Les Lois Consumeristes ) .
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 . \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 . \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636 .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a :
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c
\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u060c
\n\u0640 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0623 \u0640 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 ( \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 ) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u0640 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a .
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 .<\/p>\n

\u062c \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a : \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 . \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 .
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a . \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 : \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a . \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 . \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 . \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 ) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 . \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 : \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 : \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 :<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Methode Du Droit De La Consommation ) .
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 :<\/strong><\/em> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 .
\n\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 ( \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a Soft Low ) . \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631\u0629
\n( Hard Low ) \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 : \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 . \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 : \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u062a
\n( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a).
\n\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 ( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 ) . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 ) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 ( Resonnement ) .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 . ( Prevention , Reparation ) .<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f . \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a ( La Responsabilite Du Fait Des Produits ) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 .<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 ( Moyens Individuels , Moyens Collectifs ) .<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 : \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 : \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 ( La Garantie Des Vices Caches ) .
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 . \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

________________________________________
\n2 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 ( Intermediaire ) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a ( Final ) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 .
\n3 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644 ( Bruxelles ) \u0641\u064a 27 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1968 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 ( Rome ) \u0641\u064a 19 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1980 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .
\n4 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0622\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u02dd Consummare \u02dd \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621.
\n( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a La Consommation Acheve Le Processus Economique ) .
\n5 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a .
\n6 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 ) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 .
\n\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 . \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0629
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 ) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/p>\n

\n( Sans Possibilite De Negociation ) . \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 . \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 .
\n7 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a 27 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1968 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a( La Competence Judiciaire) ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 13 ) \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 : \u064f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.
\n8 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631
\n9 En ce sens , le droit de la consommation differe du droit travail , avec lequel il presente par ailleurs des traits communs.<\/p>\n

10 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 ) ( Demarchage ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0640\u0642\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 : \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639 ( \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a Des Produits ) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a ( Des Services ) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a . \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 ( […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[2996,964,345,1889,10,730,1197,1133,1146,690,1192],"class_list":["post-16662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-39","tag-2996","tag-964","tag-345","tag-1889","tag-10","tag-730","tag-1197","tag-1133","tag-1146","tag-690","tag-1192"],"views":695,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16662"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16662\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}