{"id":16310,"date":"2016-12-20T03:19:10","date_gmt":"2016-12-20T00:19:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=16310"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:22:49","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:22:49","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

La loi p\u00e9nale ne s\u2019applique pas sans restriction. Elle est soumise \u00e0 certains principes.
\nPrincipe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Ce
\nprincipe r\u00e9sulte de l’article 112-1 du Code p\u00e9nal. Il comprend le
\nprincipe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi p\u00e9nale (al. 1 et 2) et celui de
\nla r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi p\u00e9nale plus douce (al. 3).<\/p>\n

Le
\nprincipe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi p\u00e9nale a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement
\naffirm\u00e9 : D\u00e9claration des droits de l’Homme de 1789, Code p\u00e9nal de 1810,
\nD\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l’homme de 1948, Code p\u00e9nal de
\n1992, et autres textes internationaux. Il en r\u00e9sulte qu’un acte non
\nr\u00e9prim\u00e9 par une loi ne peut faire l\u2019objet de sanction ; ainsi, si une
\nloi intervient post\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 la commission d\u2019un acte, elle ne peut
\ns\u2019appliquer en vertu du principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Mais pour
\n\u00e9viter l\u2019arbitraire du juge, le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 ne
\ns\u2019applique que dans certains cas. Lorsque la loi post\u00e9rieure est plus
\nfavorable \u00e0 la personne ayant commis l\u2019acte, celle-ci peut s\u2019appliquer ;
\nle juge peut ainsi appliquer la loi au litige, alors m\u00eame qu\u2019elle n\u2019a
\npas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9e. Cela est impossible pour les lois plus
\ns\u00e9v\u00e8res intervenues apr\u00e8s la commission de l\u2019acte.
\nPrincipe de territorialit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La loi
\np\u00e9nale ne s\u2019applique, selon l\u2019article 113-2 du Code p\u00e9nal, que sur le
\nterritoire fran\u00e7ais. Elle s’applique donc sur le sol fran\u00e7ais, mais
\naussi sur les lieux ou appareils ressortissants de la nation fran\u00e7aise
\n(comme les navires et les a\u00e9ronefs). On inclut \u00e9galement au sein du
\nterritoire national l\u2019espace a\u00e9rien, ainsi que l\u2019espace maritime ;
\nl’espace maritime comprend les eaux int\u00e9rieures et la mer territoriale ;
\nen dehors de ces zones, des dispositions sp\u00e9ciales s’appliquent. Ainsi,
\nun ressortissant fran\u00e7ais qui commet un acte (r\u00e9prim\u00e9 par le droit
\np\u00e9nal fran\u00e7ais) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger n\u2019est pas concern\u00e9 par la loi p\u00e9nale
\nfran\u00e7aise.
\nPrincipe de la personnalit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La loi
\np\u00e9nale s’applique aux nationaux : aux victimes et auteurs d\u2019infraction
\nayant la nationalit\u00e9 du pays sur le territoire duquel la loi s’applique.<\/p>\n

On parle
\nde personnalit\u00e9 active lorsque la loi s’applique \u00e0 l’auteur de
\nl’infraction ; dans le cas des victimes, on parle de personnalit\u00e9
\npassive.
\nPrincipe de la comp\u00e9tence universelle de la loi p\u00e9nale<\/p>\n

Ce
\nprincipe permet que toute personne puisse \u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9e et jug\u00e9e par la
\njustice du lieu de l’infraction ou extrad\u00e9 et jug\u00e9 par son pays, ce,
\nquel que soit le lieu d\u2018infraction ou la nationalit\u00e9 du d\u00e9linquant. Cela
\npermet de ne pas laisser \u00e9chapper les auteurs d’infractions.<\/p>\n

Infraction commise en France<\/p>\n

\nL\u2019infraction ne doit pas n\u00e9cessairement avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement commise en
\nFrance pour que les r\u00e8gles du Code p\u00e9nal s’appliquent ; il suffit de
\nd\u00e9montrer un rattachement au territoire fran\u00e7ais.
\nInfraction r\u00e9put\u00e9e commise sur le territoire<\/p>\n

M\u00eame
\nsi l\u2019infraction n\u2019a pas enti\u00e8rement eu lieu sur le territoire, mais en
\npartie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, elle rel\u00e8ve de la loi p\u00e9nale fran\u00e7aise. Les faits
\nayant \u00e9t\u00e9 commis partiellement en France, ils devront \u00eatre constat\u00e9s par
\nla juridiction \u00e9trang\u00e8re, puis jug\u00e9s par les lois \u00e9trang\u00e8res, tout
\ncomme par les lois fran\u00e7aises.
\nInfraction commise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger<\/p>\n

La loi
\np\u00e9nale s\u2019applique \u00e0 tout fran\u00e7ais ayant commis un acte hors du
\nterritoire. Si l\u2019auteur \u00e9chappait \u00e0 la loi \u00e9trang\u00e8re, il est pr\u00e9vu qu\u2019il
\nsera jug\u00e9 par la loi fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n

Pour
\nles crimes et d\u00e9lits commis \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des fran\u00e7ais, la loi p\u00e9nale
\nfran\u00e7aise s\u2019applique afin de prot\u00e9ger ses nationaux, m\u00eame si
\nl\u2019infraction n\u2019est pas r\u00e9prim\u00e9e dans le pays \u00e9tranger. Cela n\u2019est
\nn\u00e9anmoins possible qu\u2019en cas de crime ou de d\u00e9lit grave (la sanction
\ndoit rev\u00eatir une peine d\u2019emprisonnement). Aussi, la poursuite des d\u00e9lits
\nne peut s\u2019effectuer qu\u2019\u00e0 la demande du minist\u00e8re public, faisant suite \u00e0
\nune plainte de la victime, ou \u00e0 une d\u00e9nonciation officielle du pays
\n\u00e9tranger ; cela n\u2019est plus possible si l\u2019auteur a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0
\nl\u2019\u00e9tranger, ou si la peine est prescrite ou a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 prononc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Pour
\nles crimes et les d\u00e9lits portant atteinte aux int\u00e9r\u00eats fran\u00e7ais
\n(contrefa\u00e7on de pi\u00e8ce de monnaie par e-x-emple), la loi p\u00e9nale fran\u00e7aise
\ns\u2019applique \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n

\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.
\n\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 112-1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0633 1 \u0648 2) \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0627 (\u0633 3).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1789\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1810\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1992\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 113-2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a La loi p\u00e9nale ne s\u2019applique pas sans restriction. Elle est soumise \u00e0 certains principes. Principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 Ce principe r\u00e9sulte de l’article 112-1 du Code p\u00e9nal. Il comprend le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi p\u00e9nale (al. 1 et 2) et celui de la r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi p\u00e9nale plus douce (al. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[60,339,281,2139,31,730,1197,1133,1146,690,1192],"class_list":["post-16310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-39","tag-60","tag-339","tag-281","tag-2139","tag-31","tag-730","tag-1197","tag-1133","tag-1146","tag-690","tag-1192"],"views":677,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16310"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16310\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}