{"id":16127,"date":"2016-12-19T04:06:24","date_gmt":"2016-12-19T01:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=16127"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:20:15","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:20:15","slug":"%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n

\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0647\u064a : \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a District\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649Courts \u064dSuperiors \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 Circuit Courts \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (Courts of common pleas ) \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u060c \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0646(de cujus ) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 … \u0627\u0644\u062e .<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d<\/p>\n

(Justices of peace) \u060c( \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0634\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Court of appeals) \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 ( \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 ) \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 ( Chief justice ) \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 (Associate justices)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 . \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 (Courts of appeals \u0623\u0648 Appellate courts) \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 . \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a.\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a : \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (District Courts) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 (Courts of appeals) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Supreme Court) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (Court of Claims) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (Court of Customs and Paten Appeals) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Court of Military) . \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (District Courts) \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a . \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f 86 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 .<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Court of appeals) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Circuits) \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a (Districts)\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 . \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 . \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 . \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 . \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1869\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Chief justices)\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 (Associate justices) \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 . \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 .<\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u0641\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

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