{"id":160974,"date":"2019-11-26T00:25:19","date_gmt":"2019-11-25T21:25:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=160974"},"modified":"2019-12-01T15:39:36","modified_gmt":"2019-12-01T12:39:36","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%ae%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%ae%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color\">-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a-<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>The Theory of Virtual Personality of Robot according to Humanistic Approach<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color\">-Prospective \u201cOutlook\u201d Analytical Study in The Kuwaiti &amp; European Civil Law-<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064f\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Dr. Humam Al Qussi, Ph. D\/S.J.D in Trading Law \u2013 Exchange Law &amp; Regulation from the University of Aleppo \u2013 Syrian Arab Republic.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u062e\u0651\u064e\u0635<br \/><\/strong> \u064a\u0644\u0641\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 2035- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u201c\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Mystery surrounds the subject of robotics. While the robot is still considered by the Kuwaiti legislator to be as object whatever its cleverness it may be, the rules of traditional civil responsibility have become unfair with regard to the realities in which the robot intervenes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The Kuwaiti legislator, who aspires to reach a new Kuwait view 2035, still see the robot as a dangerous machine that needs a man to guard and ask for its illegal actions according to the presumed false legal system, while the robot has the autonomy to overcome the risks different from the traditional dangerous machines.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Hence, the European legislator changed the perception of the \u201crobot entity\u201d, imposing the theory of the human agent, giving robot a future status higher than the rigid machine, without explicitly recognition of the robot\u2019s virtual legal personality.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Accordingly, I explore the \u201cVirtual Personality Theory\u201d of the robot, which aims to elevate the legal status of robots on the method of upgrading human personality, to evaluate it under considerations of human sovereignty.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Such ambiguity requires us to root the idea of \u200b\u200bvirtual personality on the general civil rules, in order to anticipate whether it is the best legal solution to the problem of liability for the robot, and to come up with logical results for the future assumptions that are now touching the doors of the present.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Keywords: Robot, Robotics, Civil Liability, New Kuwait View 2035, Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017, Robot Personality, Legal Personality, Electronic Personality, Virtual Personality.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0652 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0646 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\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a[2]\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640: \u201c\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u201d \u201cVirtual Personality Theory\u201d\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d \u201cArtificial 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has-vivid-red-color\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\">1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\">2- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u2013\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 25\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\">2- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\">3- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 myreaders\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>http:\/\/computer-library.com\/no_book=99 (1-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Papers<br \/>&#8211; AL-MAJID, Waleed, Electronic Agents and Legal Personality: Time to Treat Them as Human Beings, Proceeding of BILETA, Annual Conference, Hertfordshire 16-17 April, 2007.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; ANDRADE, Francisco and NOVAIS, Paulo, et al.:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Contracting Agents: Legal Personality and Representation, Artif Intell Law 15 (2007).<br \/>ANDRADE, Francisco and NOVAIS, Paulo et al., Issues on Intelligent Electronic Agents and Legal Relations, 2004. See:<br \/>https:\/\/repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt\/bitstream\/1822\/3169\/1\/Lea2004.pdf (25-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; BROLMANN, C. and NIJMAN, J., Legal Personality as a Fundamental Concept of International Law, Amsterdam Law School Legal Studies Research Paper; No. 2016-43, 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; \u010cerka, Paulius and Grigien\u0117, Jurgita, et al., Is it possible to grant legal personality to artificial intelligence software systems?, Computer Law &amp; Security Review, Vol. 33, Issue 5, October 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; IZA, Mauricio, Computing emotions on discourse, \u201cSociety with AI\u201d, Proceedings of AISB Annual Convention 2017, Bath, UK, April 18-21, 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; GALLO, Giusy and STANCATI, Claudia, Persons, robots and responsibility. How an electronic personality matters, \u201cSociety with AI\u201d, Proceedings of AISB Annual Convention 2017, Bath, UK, April 18-21, 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; GINDIS, David, Legal Personhood and the Firm: Avoiding Anthropomorphism and Equivocation, Journal of Institutional Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, September 2016. See:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1744137415000235 (3-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; KARANASIOU, Argyro and PINOTSIS, Dimitris, Towards a Legal Definition of Machine Intelligence: The Argument for Artificial Personhood in the Age of Deep Learning, ICAIL \u201917, London, United Kingdom, June 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; KAWAMURA, Kazuhiko, Cognitive approach to a human adaptive robot development, International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the U.S., 2005.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; PAGALLO, Ugo, Vital, Sophia, and Co.\u2014The Quest for the Legal Personhood of Robots, Information Journal, Vol. 9, No. 230, 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; RAULT, Rapha\u00ebl and TRENTESAUX, Damien, Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Systems and Robotics: Legal Innovations, Part of the Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCI, volume 762), 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; ROBINETT, Warren, Electronic Expansion of Human Perception, Whole Earth Review Magazine, fall 1991.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; RUMBOLD, John and PIERSCIONEK, Barbara, does your electronic butler owe you a duty of confidentiality?, International Computer Law Review, Issue 2, 15 April 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; SARIPAN, Hartini, Are Robots Human? A Review of the Legal Personality Model, World Applied Sciences Journal 34 (6), 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; SARTOR, Giovanni, Cognitive automata and the law, European University Institute, Department of Law, working papers, No. 2006\/35, 2006.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; SOLAIMAN, S. M., Legal personality of robots, corporations, idols and chimpanzees: a quest for legitimacy, Artificial Intelligence and Law, Vol. 25, No. 2., 2017. See:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>http:\/\/ro.uow.edu.au\/lhapapers\/3076 (3-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; SZOLLOSY, Michael, Irrational Machines: Robots, humans and the monsters of reason, \u201cSociety with AI\u201d, Proceedings of AISB Annual Convention 2017, Bath, UK, April 18-21, 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; TEUBNER, Gunther, Rights of Non-Humans?, Max Weber Lecture Series 4\/2007, January 17th, 2007.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; VAN KOKSWIJK, Jacob, Granting Personality to a Virtual Identity, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 8, 2008. See:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/download\/32075296\/Granting_Personality_to_a_Virtual_Identity_KOKSWIJK.pdf (26-7-2019)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; WEITZENBOECK, Emily M., Electronic Agents and the Formation of Contracts, International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Vol. 9 No. 3, 2001.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; WETTING, Steffen and ZEHENDNER, Eberhard, The Electronic Agent: A Legal Personality under German Law?, Proceedings of the Law and Electronic Agents workshop (LEA\u201903), 2003.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; WINFIELD, Alan F. T., JIROTKA, Marina, Ethical governance is essential to building trust in robotics and artificial intelligence systems, Philosophical Transaction A, 376: 20180085, 21 August 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; WU, Stephan S., Summary of Selected Robotics Liability Cases, Cooke Kobrick &amp; Wu LLP, July 12, 2010. See: http:\/\/ftp.documation.com\/references\/ABA10a\/PDfs\/2_5.pdf (31-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; YASTREBOV, Oleg A., The Legal Capacity of Electronic Parsons: Theatrical and Methodological Approaches, Proceeding of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS, Volume 13. No. 2, Moscow, 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; ZENG, Yi, LU, Enmeng, HUANGFU, Cunqing, Linking Artificial Intelligence Principles, Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety, Honolulu, Hawaii, Jan 27, 2019.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Agenda<br \/>&#8211; Kuwait Voluntary National Review, the 2030 Agenda to the UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, 2019.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; BOURCIER, Dani\u00e8le, De l\u2019intelligence artificielle \u00e0 la personne virtuelle: \u00e9mergence d\u2019une entit\u00e9 juridique ?, Editions juridiques associ\u00e9es \u00ab Droit et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb, 2001\/3, n\u00b049, 2001.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; CORNU, Marie Les Enjeux Juridiques de L\u2019Acc\u00e8s Aux Donn\u00e9es de L\u2019Inventaire, Observatoire des politiques culturelles \u00ab L\u2019Observatoire \u00bb, 2014\/2, N\u00b0 45, 2014.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; GESTIN-VILION, Claudia, La protection par le droit d\u2019auteur des creations g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par intelligence artificielle, 2017. Voir le line:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/corpus.ulaval.ca\/jspui\/handle\/20.500.11794\/28192 (12-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; GIRAUDET, Carole, N\u00e9crologie juridique du comit\u00e9 d\u2019entreprise: transformation et succession d\u2019une institution juridique, I.R.E.S. \u00ab La Revue de l\u2019Ires \u00bb, 2018\/1, n\u00b0 94-95, 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; GRANDJEAN, Antoine, Personnalit\u00e9 morale et rationalit\u00e9 selon Kant, Archives de Philosophie, 2016\/2 Tome 79, 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; KYROU, Ariel, Les robots sont des personnes comme les autres Changer notre regard pour ne pas subir l\u2019automatisation, Association Multitudes \u00ab Multitudes \u00bb, 2015\/1, n\u00b0 58, 2015.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; LEFEUVRE-HALFTERMEYER, Ana\u00efs and GOVAERE, Virginie, et al., Typologie des risques pour une analyse \u00e9thique de l\u2019impact des technologies du TAL, 1re soumission \u00e0 TAL 57-02, le 01\/03\/2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; MACKENZIE, Robin, Sexbots: nos prochains partenaires, Association Multitudes \u00ab Multitudes \u00bb, 2015\/1, n\u00b0 58, 2015.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; PETTIT, Philip, Deux sophisms \u00e0 propos des personnes morales, Presses de Sciences Po \u00ab Raisons politiques \u00bb, 2014\/4 N\u00b0 56, 2014.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&#8211; TCHOTOURIAN, Ivan et BERNIER, Jean-Christophe, et al., Les cinq mythes de la gouvernance d\u2019entreprise, De Boeck Sup\u00e9rieur \u00ab Revue internationale de droit \u00e9conomique \u00bb, 2017\/2 t. XXXI, 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629https:\/\/www.eastlaws.com :<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 21 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1998\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6-3-2000.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 219 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24-4-2004.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 1127 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2004\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 28-9-2005.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 1250 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2006\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27-3-2008.<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 268 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2009\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19-5-2010.<br \/>2- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>France<br \/>Cour de cassation de France:<br \/>Chambre sociale, arr\u00eat n\u00b0 411, du 14 mars 2018. https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/<br \/>Cour de cassation de France, Chambre sociale, 16-27866, 12 avril 2018. https:\/\/juricaf.org\/.<br \/>Cour administrative d\u2019appel de Paris, 7\u00e8me chambre, 17PA0043718, 18 mai 2018. https:\/\/juricaf.org\/.<br \/>The U.S.:<br \/>Skil Corp. v. Millers Falls Co., 541 F. 2d 554, United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, August 26, 1976.<br \/>Traynum v. Scavens, 786 SE 2d 115, Supreme Court of South Carolina, June 17, 2016.<br \/>Schwalm v. TCF NAT. BANK, 226 F. Supp. 3d 937, United States District Court, D. South Dakota, Southern Division, December 28, 2016.<br \/>Underwood v. BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION, United States District Court, D. Colorado, December 19, 2018.<br \/>Newsom v. BRANCH BANKING AND TRUST COMPANY, United States District Court, E.D. North Carolina, Eastern Division, January 9, 2019.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[1] Section AD, Introduction, The European Parliament, Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The European Parliament, plenary sitting, the report of 27-1-2017, page 7.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[2] Section 59 (f), General principles, The European Parliament, Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[3] Kuwait Voluntary National Review, the 2030 Agenda to the UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, 2019, page 58.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[4] \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u2013\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 25\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 81.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[5] \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u064e\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b (PAI). \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201cA robot as a possessor of artificial intelligence (PAI)\u201d. See: SOLAIMAN, S. M., Legal personality of robots, corporations, idols and chimpanzees: a quest for legitimacy, Artificial Intelligence and Law, Vol. 25, No. 2., 2017, page 29. See:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>http:\/\/ro.uow.edu.au\/lhapapers\/3076 (3-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[6] \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 29 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0643\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 ROBINETT \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201c\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 3D\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201cIn its 1991 technological implementation, Virtual Reality is a 3D video game you can enter by strapping something onto your face that fools your senses into perceiving an environment that surrounds you on all sides\u201d. See: ROBINETT, Warren, Electronic Expansion of Human Perception, Whole Earth Review Magazine, fall 1991, page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[7] ANDRADE, Francisco and NOVAIS, Paulo et al., Contracting Agents: Legal Personality and Representation, Artif Intell Law 15 (2007), page 357.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[8] \u201c\u2026tandis que les animaux nonhumains et les choses ne pouvaient et ne peuvent toujours pas obtenir une personnalit\u00e9 juridique\u201d. Voir: MACKENZIE, Robin, Sexbots: nos prochains partenaires, Association Multitudes \u00ab Multitudes \u00bb, 2015\/1, n\u00b0 58, 2015, page 197.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[9] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 227\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[10] \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 1127 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2004\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 28-9-2005. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/www.eastlaws.com\/ (28-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[11] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 243\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[12] BOURCIER, Dani\u00e8le, De l\u2019intelligence artificielle \u00e0 la personne virtuelle : \u00e9mergence d\u2019une entit\u00e9 juridique ?, Editions juridiques associ\u00e9es \u00ab Droit et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb, 2001\/3, n\u00b049, 2001, page 859.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[13] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 243\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[14] KARANASIOU, Argyro and PINOTSIS, Dimitris, Towards a Legal Definition of Machine Intelligence: The Argument for Artificial Personhood in the Age of Deep Learning, ICAIL \u201917, London, United Kingdom, June 2017, page 119.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[15] Section 52, The EU Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[16] Section AD, Introduction, The EU Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[17] WETTING, Steffen and ZEHENDNER, Eberhard, The Electronic Agent: A Legal Personality under German Law?, Proceedings of the Law and Electronic Agents workshop (LEA\u201903), 2003, page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[18] \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>BROLMANN, C. and NIJMAN, J., Legal Personality as a Fundamental Concept of International Law, Amsterdam Law School Legal Studies Research Paper; No. 2016-43, 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[19] \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 102.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[20] \u201cSuch a code should consider humans, not robots, as the responsible agents\u201d. See: Annex to the Resolution: Recommendations as to the Content of the Proposal Requested, in: The EU Civil Law Rules on Robotics, P8_TA(2017)0051, 16 February 2017, page 20.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[21] \u201c\u2026 a specific human agent such as the manufacturer, the operator, the owner or the user\u2026\u201d. See: Section AD, The EU Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[22] Section 54, the EU Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[23] GALLO, Giusy and STANCATI, Claudia, op. cit., page 35.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[24] Section 59 (f), General principles, The European Parliament, Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[25] Newsom v. BRANCH BANKING AND TRUST COMPANY, United States District Court, E.D. North Carolina, Eastern Division, January 9, 2019.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Read also:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201cProgressive\u2019s website acted as the company\u2019s electronic agent\u201d. See: Traynum v. Scavens, 786 SE 2d 115, Supreme Court of South Carolina, June 17, 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[26] \u201cIn his business plan for My24HourNews.com, Mr. Underwood stated that E.R.I.C.A. (a robot) ((will talk, speak, and have a personality; and the user can customize the news that she reports))\u201d. See: Underwood v. BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION, United States District Court, D. Colorado, December 19, 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[27] \u201c\u2026 l\u2019introduction du programme informatique Watson va aider les charg\u00e9s de client\u00e8le \u00e0 traiter les abondants courriels qu\u2019ils re\u00e7oivent\u2026\u201d. Voir: Cour de cassation de France, Chambre sociale, 16-27866, 12 avril 2018. https:\/\/juricaf.org\/ (2-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[28] \u201cLa diffusion de ces donn\u00e9es dans l\u2019espace num\u00e9rique est \u00e9videmment un enjeu important pour les services de l\u2019Inventaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et on peut soutenir qu\u2019elle int\u00e8gre pleinement la mission de service public\u201d. Voir: CORNU, Marie Les Enjeux Juridiques de L\u2019Acc\u00e8s Aux Donn\u00e9es de L\u2019Inventaire, Observatoire des politiques culturelles \u00ab L\u2019Observatoire \u00bb, 2014\/2, N\u00b0 45, 2014, page 61.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[29] SOLAIMAN, S. M., op. cit., page 12.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[30] \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0636\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u201d. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[31] Section 54, the EU Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[32] \u201cthat agent could have foreseen and avoided the robot\u2019s harmful behavior\u201d. Section AD, The EU Civil Law Rules on Robotics of 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[33] SOLAIMAN, S. M., op. cit., page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[34] BOURCIER, Dani\u00e8le, op. cit., page 847.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[35] \u201cA robot\u2019s ability to perform a wide range of tasks while assuming human level intelligence is evident\u201d. See: SARIPAN, Hartini, Are Robots Human? A Review of the Legal Personality Model, World Applied Sciences Journal 34 (6), 2016, page 5.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[36] AL-MAJID, Waleed, Electronic Agents and Legal Personality: Time to Treat Them as Human<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Beings, Proceeding of BILETA, Annual Conference, Hertfordshire 16-17 April, 2007, page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[37] \u201cAn electronic person who has legal duties and subjective rights is, in fact, a set of duties and rights, and the content of legal rights and obligations are the actions of artificial intelligence\u201d. See: YASTREBOV, Oleg A., The Legal Capacity of Electronic Parsons: Theatrical and Methodological Approaches, Proceeding of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS, Volume 13. No. 2, Moscow, 2018, page 10.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[38]\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 86 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647: \u201c- \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[39] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 13\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 6\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1961.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[40] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 227\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[41] TCHOTOURIAN, Ivan et BERNIER, Jean-Christophe, et al., Les cinq mythes de la gouvernance d\u2019entreprise, De Boeck Sup\u00e9rieur \u00ab Revue internationale de droit \u00e9conomique \u00bb, 2017\/2 t. XXXI, 2017, page 12.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[42] WEITZENBOECK, Emily M., Electronic Agents and the Formation of Contracts, International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Vol. 9 No. 3, 2001, page 3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[43] ANDRADE, Francisco and NOVAIS, Paulo et al., Contracting Agents: Legal Personality and Representation, op. cit., page 357.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[44] WETTING, Steffen and ZEHENDNER, Eberhard, op. cit., page 6.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[45] WU, Stephan S., Summary of Selected Robotics Liability Cases, Cooke Kobrick &amp; Wu LLP, July 12, 2010, page 9. See: http:\/\/ftp.documation.com\/references\/ABA10a\/PDfs\/2_5.pdf (31-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[46] WINFIELD, Alan F. T., JIROTKA, Marina, Ethical governance is essential to building trust in robotics and artificial intelligence systems, Philosophical Transaction A, 376: 20180085, 21 August 2018, page 2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[47] \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>GALLO, Giusy and STANCATI, Claudia, op. cit., page 32.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[48] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 84\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[49] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 86\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[50] \u201cRobots materialized as a reprogrammable machine operating in a semi- or fully autonomous way, so as to perform manufacturing operations, more than fifty years ago\u201d. See: PAGALLO, Ugo, Vital, Sophia, and Co.\u2014The Quest for the Legal Personhood of Robots, Information Journal, Vol. 9, No. 230, 2018, page 2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[51] \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064c \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629\u064c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201cLes personnes morales peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9crites comme des agents\u201d. Voir: PETTIT, Philip, Deux sophisms \u00e0 propos des personnes morales, Presses de Sciences Po \u00ab Raisons politiques \u00bb, 2014\/4 N\u00b0 56, 2014, page 8.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[52] ANDRADE, Francisco and NOVAIS, Paulo et al., Contracting Agents: Legal Personality and Representation, op. cit., page 358.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[53] Ibid, page 367.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[54] VAN KOKSWIJK, Jacob, Granting Personality to a Virtual Identity, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 8, 2008, page 6. See:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/download\/32075296\/Granting_Personality_to_a_Virtual_Identity_KOKSWIJK.pdf (26-7-2019)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>WEITZENBOECK, Emily M., op. cit., page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[55] SARTOR, Giovanni, Cognitive automata and the law, European University Institute, Department of Law, working papers, No. 2006\/35, 2006, page 23.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[56] \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201cstating that a contract can be formed when a person initiates an electronic agent to take an action that the person knows or should know will form a contract\u201d. Schwalm v. TCF NAT. BANK, 226 F. Supp. 3d 937, United States District Court, D. South Dakota, Southern Division, December 28, 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[57] GRANDJEAN, Antoine, Personnalit\u00e9 morale et rationalit\u00e9 selon Kant, Archives de Philosophie, 2016\/2 Tome 79, 2016, page 387.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[58] \u201cA robotic-aid system could be more effective if the system were intelligent enough to understand human needs and adapt its behaviors accordingly\u201d. See: KAWAMURA, Kazuhiko, Cognitive approach to a human adaptive robot development, International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the U.S., 2005, page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[59] Ibid.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[60] \u201c\u2026 able to think logically, manage its actions and correct its decisions in the event of a change in external conditions\u201d. See: YASTREBOV, Oleg A., op. cit., page 10.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[61] SARTOR, Giovanni, op. cit., page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[62] PAGALLO, Ugo, op. cit., page 7.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[63] \u201cE-Expert LLC, ses activit\u00e9s de travaux de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement dans le domaine de l\u2019intelligence artificielle \u00e9tant \u00e9ligibles au statut de jeune entreprise innovante\u2026 le service a induit ces derniers en erreur\u2026\u201d. Voir: Cour administrative d\u2019appel de Paris, 7\u00e8me chambre, 17PA0043718, mai 2018. https:\/\/juricaf.org\/ (2-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[64] WETTING, Steffen and ZEHENDNER, Eberhard, op. cit., page 6.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[65] WU, Stephan S., op. cit., page 9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[66] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 87\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[67] BOURCIER, Dani\u00e8le, op. cit., page 871.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[68] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 87\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[69] TEUBNER, Gunther, Rights of Non-Humans?, Max Weber Lecture Series 4\/2007, January 17th, 2007, page 2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[70] AL-MAJID, Waleed, op. cit., page 5.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[71] ANDRADE, Francisco and NOVAIS, Paulo et al., Issues on Intelligent Electronic Agents and Legal Relations, 2004, page 1. See:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt\/bitstream\/1822\/3169\/1\/Lea2004.pdf (25-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[72] \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 21 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1998\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6-3-2000. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/www.eastlaws.com\/ (28-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[73] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 92\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 38\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1980.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[74] \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 268 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2009\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19-5-2010. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/www.eastlaws.com\/ (28-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[75] SOLAIMAN, S. M., op. cit., page 29.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[76] ZENG, Yi, LU, Enmeng, HUANGFU, Cunqing, Linking Artificial Intelligence Principles, Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety, Honolulu, Hawaii, Jan 27, 2019, page 2. See also:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>WINFIELD, Alan F. T., JIROTKA, Marina, op. cit., page 7.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>And also:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>SARTOR, Giovanni, op. cit., page 29.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[77] \u201cThe ability to artificially create and design experience enables possibilities and powers that were formerly impossible\u201d. See: ROBINETT, Warren, op. cit., page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[78] ZENG, Yi, LU, Enmeng, HUANGFU, Cunqing, op. cit., page 4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[79] \u201cIdentities in virtual worlds \u2026 are created by a computer programme and seem to act like a legal person\u201d. VAN KOKSWIJK, Jacob, op. cit., page 6.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[80] GINDIS, David, Legal Personhood and the Firm: Avoiding Anthropomorphism and Equivocation, Journal of Institutional Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, September 2016, page 2. See:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1744137415000235 (3-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[81] \u201cUn syst\u00e8me expert est un syst\u00e8me informatique qui a pour finalit\u00e9 de simuler l\u2019activit\u00e9 d\u2019un expert humain et de traiter de probl\u00e8mes qui mettent en jeu une rationalit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e\u201d. Voir: BOURCIER, Dani\u00e8le, op. cit., page 853.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201c\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u06cc\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u201d. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 myreaders\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 8\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>http:\/\/computer-library.com\/no_book=99 (1-8-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[82] \u201c\u2026 emotion plays on discourse have transformed Artificial Intelligence computations\u201d. See: IZA, Mauricio, Computing emotions on discourse, \u201cSociety with AI\u201d, Proceedings of AISB Annual Convention 2017, Bath, UK, April 18-21, 2017, page 268.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[83] SZOLLOSY, Michael, Irrational Machines: Robots, humans and the monsters of reason, \u201cSociety with AI\u201d, Proceedings of AISB Annual Convention 2017, Bath, UK, April 18-21, 2017, page 277.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[84] PAGALLO, Ugo, op. cit., page 10.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[85] \u201cMais un esclave, surtout s\u2019il est dot\u00e9 d\u2019une personnalit\u00e9, peut se rebeller\u201d. Voir: KYROU, Ariel, Les robots sont des personnes comme les autres Changer notre regard pour ne pas subir l\u2019automatisation, Association Multitudes \u00ab Multitudes \u00bb, 2015\/1, n\u00b0 58, 2015, page 102.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[86] \u010cerka, Paulius and Grigien\u0117, Jurgita, et al., Is it possible to grant legal personality to artificial intelligence software systems?, Computer Law &amp; Security Review, Vol. 33, Issue 5, October 2017, page 685.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[87] LEFEUVRE-HALFTERMEYER, Ana\u00efs and GOVAERE, Virginie, et al., Typologie des risques pour une analyse \u00e9thique de l\u2019impact des technologies du TAL, 1re soumission \u00e0 TAL 57-02, le 01\/03\/2016, page 13.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[88] BOURCIER, Dani\u00e8le, op. cit., page 864.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[89] TEUBNER, Gunther, op. cit., page 20.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[90] \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 219 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24-4-2004. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/www.eastlaws.com\/ (28-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[91] \u201creal and independent legal personality\u201d. See: Skil Corp. v. Millers Falls Co., 541 F. 2d 554, United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, August 26, 1976.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[92] \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[93] Cour de cassation de France, Chambre sociale, arr\u00eat n\u00b0 411, du 14 mars 2018. Voir: https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/ (28-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[94] \u201cLa firme n\u2019est qu\u2019une \u00ab bo\u00eete noire \u00bb, un centre technique combin\u00e9 \u00e0 un centre de d\u00e9cision \u00e9conomique, sans personnalit\u00e9 ni \u00e9paisseur dont les d\u00e9cisions se confondent\u201d. Voir: TCHOTOURIAN, Ivan et BERNIER, Jean-Christophe, et al., op. cit., page 9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[95] \u201c\u2026 dot\u00e9 de la personnalit\u00e9 juridique, est le cadre de relations entre l\u2019employeur et les repr\u00e9sentants des salaries\u2026\u201d. Voir: GIRAUDET, Carole, N\u00e9crologie juridique du comit\u00e9 d\u2019entreprise: transformation et succession d\u2019une institution juridique, I.R.E.S. \u00ab La Revue de l\u2019Ires \u00bb, 2018\/1, n\u00b0 94-95, 2018, page 32.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[96] \u201c\u2026 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u2026\u201d. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 1250 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2006\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27-3-2008. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>https:\/\/www.eastlaws.com\/ (28-7-2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[97] PETTIT, Philip, op. cit., page 23.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[98] MACKENZIE, Robin, op. cit, page 192.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[99] \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 103.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[100] PAGALLO, Ugo, op. cit., page 1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[101] KYROU, Ariel, op. cit., page 94.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>[102] \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>RAULT, Rapha\u00ebl and TRENTESAUX, Damien, Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Systems and Robotics: Legal Innovations, Part of the Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCI, volume 762), 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 -\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a- The Theory of Virtual Personality of Robot according to Humanistic Approach -Prospective \u201cOutlook\u201d Analytical Study in The Kuwaiti &amp; European Civil Law- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064f\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":160975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[16122,246,118],"class_list":["post-160974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-16122","tag-246","tag-118"],"views":3706,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=160974"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":161997,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160974\/revisions\/161997"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/160975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=160974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=160974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}