{"id":142851,"date":"2019-04-02T00:10:49","date_gmt":"2019-04-01T21:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=142851"},"modified":"2019-04-02T00:10:49","modified_gmt":"2019-04-01T21:10:49","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%b6%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%b6%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 :<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

There are several obligations placed on the transporter of the person, which consists mainly of transferring the consumer of the service from one place to another, and delivery on time, and the obligation to ensure safety, and maintain the baggage that he takes with him.<\/p>\n

With regard to the obligation to ensure safety, the French judiciary approved it did not expand the interpretation of the content of the contract and this for the purpose of consumer protection. And also because the French legislator extended the scope of liability so that the passenger would find a basis for compensation for damage, based on the tort liability of the carrier. After it was difficult to establish the contractual relationship, and this is also taken by the Algerian legislator.<\/p>\n

Key words :<\/span><\/span>Transporter- safety \u2013 passenger \u2013 responsibility<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n

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1 \u0640 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 ) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645[6].<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d[7]. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 . \u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 ( monolithique) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629[8].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 [9]\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 .<\/p>\n

2 \u0640 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 [10].<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0632 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 indicibles \u060c \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u201c\u0633\u201d \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645[11].<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

1 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 [12]\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0647 \u064a\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 . \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631[13].<\/p>\n

\u0623 \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f[14].<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633\u0629 empil\u00e9es \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0640\u0640\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1147 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a [15].<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 , \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627[16].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u062a \u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

1 \u0640 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 [17]\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0640\u0640\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 . \u0641\u0640\u0640\u0639\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0640\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 [18].<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1135 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 [19]<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1156 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 volont\u00e9 probable \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627. \u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1135 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1156 [20]<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 utile et juste. \u0640<\/p>\n

2 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646[21]. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 . \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f[22]. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a[23].<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0642\u0645 67 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2006 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 [27] .\u0640<\/p>\n

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1 \u0640\u0640 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 . \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 d\u2019un t\u00e9l\u00e9 si\u00e8ge \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 .<\/p>\n

2 \u0640 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 . \u0641\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 volont\u00e9 probable \u0648 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 pr\u00e9sum\u00e9.<\/p>\n

* \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 ) \u064a\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629[29].<\/p>\n

* \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 . \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 .<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0640\u0640\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 . \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627. \u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641[30]. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f[31].<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f [32].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c 2001 .
\n\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2010 .
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2010 .
\n\u0645\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1980.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c 1980 .
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1978 .
\n\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 2011 \u0640 2012 .
\nVINEY. trait\u00e9 de droit civil. introduction \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9. op. cit .n 168
\nRZEPECKI. droit de la consommation et la th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du contrat .n 163
\nJOURDAIN. \u00ab le fondement de l\u2019obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb. GAZ .POL.21-23Septembre 1997.
\nLAMBRERT-FAIVRE. \u00ab fondement et r\u00e9gime de l\u2019obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb. D1994. Chr. 81.
\n[1] \u0640\u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c 1980 \u060c \u0635 203 .<\/p>\n

[2] \u0640 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643) \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

[3] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2010 \u060c \u0635 18 .<\/p>\n

[4] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1978 \u060c \u0635 238 .<\/p>\n

[5] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 2011 \u0640 2012 \u060c \u0635 83 .<\/p>\n

[6] Y.LAMBRERT-FAIVRE. \u00ab fondement et r\u00e9gime de l\u2019obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb. D1994. Chr. 81 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 obligation de prudence \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f obligation d\u00e9termin\u00e9 \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 197 .<\/p>\n

[7] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2010 \u060c \u0635 21 .<\/p>\n

[8] \u2013 P.JOURDAIN. \u00ab Le fondement de l\u2019obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb. GAZ .POL.21 \u0640 23 Septembre 1997 .p 22.<\/p>\n

[9] \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 empire complet \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a .<\/p>\n

[10] \u0640\u0640 \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 23 .<\/p>\n

[11] \u0640\u0640 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 Poitiers \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 int\u00e9riorit\u00e9 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 .<\/p>\n

[12] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 261.<\/p>\n

[13] \u0640 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0623) \u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b (\u0628).<\/p>\n

[14] \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 27 .<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1997 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 Sncf 15 \u0640 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 . \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 . \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 27 \u060c \u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 F.DEFFERRARD. Une analyse de l\u2019obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve de la cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re .m15.p 367.<\/p>\n

[16] \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 28 . \u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 105 .<\/p>\n

[17]Y.LAMBERT-FAIVR. \u00ab Fondement et r\u00e9gime de l\u2019obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb.D1994 . Chr.81. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

[18] \u0640 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 1911 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0634\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f .<\/p>\n

[19] \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 226.<\/p>\n

[20] \u0640\u0640 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 hypertrophie \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n

[21] \u2013 G.VINEY. Trait\u00e9 de droit civil. Introduction \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9. Op. Cit. N 168. P 286.<\/p>\n

[22] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 247.<\/p>\n

[23] \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 2001 \u060c \u0635 176 .<\/p>\n

[24] \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 177 .<\/p>\n

[25] \u2013 G.VINEY. Introduction \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9. p 287.<\/p>\n

[26] \u0640 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 21 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1983 .<\/p>\n

[27] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 50 .<\/p>\n

[28]- N.RZEPECKI. Droit de la consommation et la th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du contrat .n 163.p 147. \u00ab De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ral .on doit consid\u00e9rer que dans tous les contrats offrant une prestation de services. il y\u2019 a obligation pour le prestataire de ne pas occasionner de dommages corporels aux personnes plac\u00e9es sous sa garde \u00bb. Se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant \u00e0 Lamy droit \u00e9conomique .2002 . N 6381.<\/p>\n

[29] \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1980\u060c \u0635 198. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 :\u201d \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0640 \u0648\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0640 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u2026\u2026\u201d .<\/p>\n

[30] \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 293 .<\/p>\n

[31] \u0640 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 HUET : \u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u00ab .<\/p>\n

[32] \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 327 .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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