{"id":135340,"date":"2018-11-16T00:24:22","date_gmt":"2018-11-15T21:24:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=135340"},"modified":"2018-11-16T00:24:22","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T21:24:22","slug":"%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u2013 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

L a strat\u00e9gie des Nation Unies pour la protection du Patrimoine culturel immateri\u00e9l<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

United Nations strategy for protecting intangible cultural heritage<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631- \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage is the immaterial part of cultural heritage of people or nation. It defined in terms of oral traditions, expressive culture, social practices, ephemeral aesthetic manifestations, and form of knowledge carried and transmitted from generation to other generation. It sauvegarde.<\/p>\n

Culture diversity in the face of increasing globalization, and encourage the dialogue between civilizations and cultures. Because of it moral nature, intangible cultural heritage is menaced by dispersing. In front of this danger United Nations has take an unified strategy in order to protect it by adopting several conventions and constitution of many mechanisms. These efforts are by l, adoption of the sauvegarde of intangible cultural heritage convention in 2003 in the context of UNESCO.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/span> intangible cultural heritage \u2013 cultural diversity \u2013 human rights \u2013 international protection \u2013 UNESCO.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a- \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 Intangible cultural heritage([1])\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 Patrimoine Culturel immateri\u00e9l([2]). \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a 2003. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629([3]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a([4])\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06292 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647:\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629([5]) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 98-04 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a([6])\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u201d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u201d([7]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631([8]).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644([9]).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u063a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645([10]).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a([11]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647([12]). \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629([13])\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647([14])\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a([15])\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a([16])\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631([17])\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629([18]).<\/p>\n

2- \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 29 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2003 \u064817 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2003 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2006([19]). \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646([20]). \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646([21])\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648([22])\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a([23]) \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631([24]). \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629([25]).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629([26]) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647([27]).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629([28]).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 12 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636([29]).\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u201d. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 166 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627. \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646\u06475.<\/p>\n

\u0628- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a([30]) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 21 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2005 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646. \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2007([31]).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a([32]). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a([33]).<\/p>\n

\u062c- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a([34]) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 17 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 21 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1972\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a 17 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1975([35])\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629([36]).<\/p>\n

\u062f- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627([37])\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a([38]). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629([39]). \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645([40]).<\/p>\n

\u0647- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 24 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 28 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u06311978\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629([41]).<\/p>\n

\u0648- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2001:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 2 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629([42])\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a([43])\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629([44]). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629([45])\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a([46])\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a([47]).<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1886 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629([48])\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a([49]) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1996([50]) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a([51])\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629([52]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 21\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629([53]).<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u201d \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u201d\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644([54]).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 11 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 ([55]).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643- \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629([56]) .<\/p>\n

3- \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u201c\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u201d \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a([57]).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a([58]).<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u201d. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629([59]) \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a([60])\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629([61]). \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646([62]).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1-<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

2<\/span>– \u0625\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

3-<\/span> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

4-<\/span> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

5-<\/span> \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629([63]). \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647([64]).<\/p>\n

5- \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u201d \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629([65]).<\/p>\n

6- \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629([66]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629([67]). \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646([68]).<\/p>\n

\u0634\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646([69]).<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 Breton Woods \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a([70]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645: http:\/\/www.ich.unesco.org<\/p>\n

2- \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: 19\/11\/2015: www.almothqaf.com<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: http:\/\/www.unesco.org\u060c<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645: http:\/\/www.unesco.org<\/p>\n

5- \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 34\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1437-\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u06292016\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n

6- \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 3 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06332011\/ \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 A\/HRC<\/p>\n

7- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 10 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2011:
\nhttp:\/\/www.wipo.int\/export\/sites\/www\/tk\/en\/publications\/1023.pdf\u060c
\n8- \u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2009.
\n9- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 348\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1432 \u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644: \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2011\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

10- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/export\/sites\/www\/tk\/en\/publications\/1023.pdf<\/p>\n

11- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015: http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/export\/sites\/www\/tk\/en\/publications\/1023.pdf<\/p>\n

12- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1886 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

13- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n

14- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n

15- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972.<\/p>\n

16- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 1989.<\/p>\n

17- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012.<\/p>\n

18- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 169 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 .<\/p>\n

19 \u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1996.<\/p>\n

20- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

21- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a 2005.<\/p>\n

22- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948<\/p>\n

23- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n

24 \u2013 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978.<\/p>\n

25 \u2013 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a 2001.<\/p>\n

26- \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2007<\/p>\n

27- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 98-04 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a .<\/p>\n

28- Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Jauslin, Le Patrimoine culturel immateri\u00e9l : Son importance dans le Patrimoine : R\u00e9seau Patrimoine (association pour le Patrimoine naturel et culturel de Vaud) : www.reseaupatrimoine.ch, 2018.<\/p>\n

29-Georgina Lloyd, The safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage: Law and policy, doctorate these, July, 2009, Philosophy Department, University of Sydney: http:\/\/www.ses.library.usyd.edu.au.<\/p>\n

30- M.Shatila, Nobel Dictionary Bilingual English-Arabic, Arabic \u2013 English, New Edition, Dar El Kiteb El Hadith, Algeria, 2004.<\/p>\n

31- http:\/\/ar.glosbe.com<\/p>\n

([1])- M.Shatila, Nobel Dictionary Bilingual English-Arabic, Arabic \u2013 English, New Edition, Dar El Kiteb El Hadith, Algeria, 2004, P.389, 204, 352.<\/p>\n

([2])- Il est important de bien voir que les cat\u00e9gories entre lesquelles on r\u00e9partit traditionnellement le patrimoine, a savoir \u00ab mat\u00e9riel \u00bb, \u00ab immat\u00e9riel \u00bb et \u00ab naturel \u00bb ; montrent leurs limites : le patrimoine mat\u00e9riel et aussi porteur de sens comme le patrimoine immat\u00e9riel est souvent incorpor\u00e9 a des objets concrets : http:\/\/ar.glosbe.com<\/p>\n

([3])- \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u06359: http:\/\/www.ich.unesco.org<\/p>\n

([4]) \u2013 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 : www.almothqaf.com\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/11\/2015<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003. 2-<\/p>\n

([6]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 98-04 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646: \u201c\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 20 \u0635\u0641\u0631 1419\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644 15 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1998\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 44 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a 22 \u0635\u0641\u0631 1419\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u064417 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1998\u060c \u0635 \u06353-16.<\/p>\n

([7])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 67 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 98-04.<\/p>\n

([8])- Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Jauslin, Le Patrimoine culturel immateri\u00e9l: Son importance dans le Patrimoine: R\u00e9seau Patrimoine (associations pour le Patrimoine naturel et culturel de Vaud): www.reseaupatrimoine.ch, 2018.<\/p>\n

([9]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: http:\/\/www.unesco.org\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645: http:\/\/www.unesco.org\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n

([11])- \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 34\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1437-\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u06292016\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u06353.<\/p>\n

2- \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 3 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06332011\/ \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 A\/HRC<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 18 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 15 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 13\u060c 31\u060c 34 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 169 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 1989 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623.<\/p>\n

5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

6- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 29 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/p>\n

7- \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

8- \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n

1- \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 2017\u060c 175 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 04-27\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 16 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1424\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644 7 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2004\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 9 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a20 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1424\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644 11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2004\u0645.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 10 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2011\u060c \u06356: http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/export\/sites\/www\/tk\/en\/publications\/1023.pdf\u060c \u063524.
\n3- \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2009\u060c \u063526.<\/p>\n

4- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 348\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1432 \u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644: \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2011\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063548.<\/p>\n

5-Georgina Lloyd, The safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage: Law and policy, doctorate these, July, 2009, Philosophy Department, University of Sydney: http:\/\/www.ses.library.usyd.edu.au, p.9.<\/p>\n

6- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

7- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

8 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([27])- \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 : http:\/\/unesdos.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001325\/132540f.pdf<\/p>\n

([28])- \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015 \u0646\u062d\u0648 319 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 25 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 163 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635103.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06356: http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/export\/sites\/www\/tk\/en\/publications\/1023.pdf<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06356.<\/p>\n

1- \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u06357.<\/p>\n

2- \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 09-270\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 9 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 1430\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644 30 \u0623\u0648\u062a 2009\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 51 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 16 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 1430\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644 6 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2009 \u0645.<\/p>\n

([32])- \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a 2005: www.ich.gov.jo.<\/p>\n

([33]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a 2005.<\/p>\n

1- \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 73-38 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 25 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1973 \u062c \u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 69 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1973.<\/p>\n

([35])- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972: http:\/\/www.unesco.org<\/p>\n

-([36]) \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972.<\/p>\n

([37]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n

([38]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n

([39]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 3 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n

([40]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 4\u060c5\u060c6\u060c7\u060c8 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n

([41]) \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978.<\/p>\n

2- \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000: www.un.org<\/p>\n

([43]) \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

([44]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

([45]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

([46]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 8 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

([47])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 8 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

([48]) \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1886\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1896 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a 1967 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a. \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 1998 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 97-341.<\/p>\n

([49])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 15 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1886 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

([50]) \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1996 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a. \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a 31 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 2014 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645<\/p>\n

([51]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 2 \u064832 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1996.<\/p>\n

([52])- \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 24 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2012\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a<\/p>\n

([53])- \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

([54]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 8 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972.<\/p>\n

([55]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 11 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972.<\/p>\n

([56]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 11 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 4 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972.<\/p>\n

([57]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 14 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972.<\/p>\n

([58])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 14 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 4 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1972.<\/p>\n

([59])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 5 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([60]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 7 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([61]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 5 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([62]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([63])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 29 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([64])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 29 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([65]) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 25 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([66])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 19-24 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

([67])- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015\u060c \u063545: http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/export\/sites\/www\/tk\/en\/publications\/1023.pdf<\/p>\n

([68])- \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629: http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/export\/sites\/www\/tk\/en\/publications\/1023.pdf<\/p>\n

([69])- \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063594.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a L a strat\u00e9gie des Nation Unies pour la protection du Patrimoine culturel immateri\u00e9l United Nations strategy for protecting intangible cultural heritage \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631- \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage is the immaterial part of cultural heritage of people […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":135342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[584,5809,1564,591,585,663],"class_list":["post-135340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-584","tag-5809","tag-1564","tag-591","tag-585","tag-663"],"views":2409,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135340"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135343,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135340\/revisions\/135343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}