{"id":132883,"date":"2018-10-25T01:11:51","date_gmt":"2018-10-24T22:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=132883"},"modified":"2018-10-25T01:11:51","modified_gmt":"2018-10-24T22:11:51","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%91%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a5%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%91%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a5%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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ABSRACT<\/span><\/p>\n

Modern technology has facilitated many things in human life, including the subject of buying and selling online, especially buying and selling over the mobile phone, and the spread of this type of sales through mobile technology. Unfortunately, many people are in legal prohibitions, Gharar, cheating, etc. Therefore, legal scholars must study and examine them in some detail. From this point of view, the researcher discusses the opinion of the scholars and the shar\u2019i rulings so that the Muslim is fully aware of the provisions of this modern method. And be aware in his dealings with others.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/span> Sell \u2013 Buy \u2013 Mobile \u2013 Islamic Sharia<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 ([6])\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629([7])\u060c \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u201c\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u201d([8]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\n\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a.
\n\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.
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\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627:<\/strong><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f([11]).<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627:<\/strong><\/span> \u062d\u0644\u062a \u2013\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621- \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f (Visa Card)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f (Credit Card) ([12]) \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (ATM Card)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0643\u0633 (Mondex Card) ([13]).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639:<\/strong><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629([14])\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636([15]).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644.
\n\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.
\n\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627([16]).
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f([19]).
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634([20]).
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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a: \u00ab\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00bb([25])\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (MMS):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 (SMS) \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631[26].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639: <\/span>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639.
\n\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.
\n\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.
\n\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.
\n\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644.
\n\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645. 1995\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645.
\n\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631. 1992\u0645. \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1968\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.
\n\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1430\u0647\u0640. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629
\n\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0634. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c 2015\u0645.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.
\n\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f. 2015\u0645. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. 2016\u0645. \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2012\u0645. \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u063521.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1993\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\n\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0648. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2011\u0645. \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1994\u0645. \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. 1398\u0647\u0640. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a
\n\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. 1392\u0647\u0640. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645. 1415\u0647\u0640. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.
\n\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. 2010\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634.<\/p>\n

([1])\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062c1. \u063569.<\/p>\n

([2]) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1993\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u062c12. \u0635188\u060c<\/p>\n

([3]) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u062c6. \u0635246.<\/p>\n

([4]) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1994\u0645. \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c2. \u0635322.<\/p>\n

([5]) \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2012\u0645. \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u063521.<\/p>\n

([6]) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631. 1992\u0645. \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062c4. \u0635504.<\/p>\n

([7])\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u062c9. \u0635162.<\/p>\n

([8]) \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645. 1995\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u062c29. \u06357.<\/p>\n

([9])\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0634. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c 2015\u0645. \u06351.<\/p>\n

([10])\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f. 2015\u0645. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u063572.<\/p>\n

([11])\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631. 2003\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u063519. \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646: \u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f. 2015\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u063578.<\/p>\n

([12]) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u201c\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u201d. \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0648. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2011\u0645. \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 27. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. \u0635655.<\/p>\n

([13])\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d. 2011\u0645. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u063577_ 78.<\/p>\n

([14])\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d. 2011\u0645. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u063577: 78.<\/p>\n

([15])\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

([16])\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1430\u0647\u0640. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u063526.<\/p>\n

([17]) \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. 1392\u0647\u0640. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0635137.<\/p>\n

[18] \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 1992\u0645\u060c \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062c4. \u0635513\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06373\u060c \u063575\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 1415\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062c2. \u0635325\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c 1415\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062c3. \u06354.<\/p>\n

([19]) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1968\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u062c4.\u0635206.<\/p>\n

([20]) \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 Margin Account \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. 2016\u0645. \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a. \u06351. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. 2010\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634. \u06358.<\/p>\n

([21]) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u062c6\u0635337. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. 1398\u0647\u0640.\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u062c4.\u0635296. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 1968\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a. \u062c3.\u0635496.<\/p>\n

([22])\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645. 1415\u0647\u0640. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u062c2.\u063580.<\/p>\n

([23])\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. 1398\u0647\u0640. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u062c4.\u0635296<\/p>\n

([24]) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u062c9.\u0635181.<\/p>\n

([25]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u062c9.\u0635167.<\/p>\n

[26] \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f .<\/p>\n

\n\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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