{"id":131177,"date":"2018-10-02T12:53:29","date_gmt":"2018-10-02T09:53:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=131177"},"modified":"2018-10-02T13:02:55","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T10:02:55","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u062f (\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645 (\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0627\u064b) \u0648 (\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645) \u0644\u0647 \u0648 (\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647(1) . \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627(2). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 . 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(6) \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a . \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">2.\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a .<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f. \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a 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\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063597<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">3- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Carre &#8216;de Malberg ; Contribution a la theorie generale de l&#8217; Etat\u060c T.1\u060c Paris\u060c 1920 \u060c PP. 334 et 579 et.suiv.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">4- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063542 \u060c \u0648 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1968\u060c \u0635 \u0635 13 &#8211; 14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">6- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Duguit (L.) \u060c Traite de Droit Constitutionnel \u060c T. 2\u060c3 eme Ed.\u060c Paris \u060c 1928 \u060c PP. 307 et. suiv.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">7- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06374 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1976 \u060c \u0635180<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">8- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635281<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">9- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f . \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 1999\u060c \u063541<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">10- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">11- \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1951 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 31 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1952 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d 9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1952 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 29 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1952 \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 2 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1952 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 .<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Youngstown sheet and Tube Co. v. Swayer \u060c 343 U.S 579 (1952)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635148<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">12- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644 &#8211; \u060c 2005 \u060c \u0635608<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">13- \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644 &#8211; \u060c 2005 \u060c \u0635760<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">14- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635217<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">15- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2001 \u060c \u0635 \u0635482 &#8211; 483<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635132<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 153 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 21 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u060c \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 3 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2000 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645.\u062f.\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0635580 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2000 \u060c \u0635203 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 56 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 6 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u060c \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 21 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1986 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645.\u062f.\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0635353<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">19- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 25 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 8 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1992 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645.\u062f.\u0639. \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0635365<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">20- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c 1953 \u060c \u063528<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">21- \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (83) \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 .. \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 ..&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">22- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1939 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c 1953 \u060c \u0635 \u0635 105 &#8211; 106<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">23- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644 &#8211; \u060c 2005 \u060c \u063595<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">24- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 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