{"id":121587,"date":"2018-07-26T18:26:46","date_gmt":"2018-07-26T15:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=121587"},"modified":"2018-07-26T18:26:46","modified_gmt":"2018-07-26T15:26:46","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0640\u0642\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 122 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 29 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0647\u0648 S.C.P.C : Service Central de Prevention de la Corruption(2).<\/p>\n

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\n_____________________________________________________________________________
\n1- \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0648\u064a\u064a\u062f )\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0635 22 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a \u2013\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u2013 98 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 .
\n2- Roger Merl\u00e9-Andr\u00e9 Vitu : (Trait\u00e9 De Droit Criminel : Droit P\u00e9nal Sp\u00e9cial)
\n3- *Mireille Delmas \u2013Marty et St\u00e9fano Manacorda \ud83d\ude41 La Corruption : Un D\u00e9fi Pour L\u2019\u00e9tat De Droit et La societ\u00e9 D\u00e9mocratique) In rev Sc crim page 696 et suivant N\u00b03- Juillet\/septembre 1997 .
\n*Fred Kuperman (La Corruption Dans La republique ) revue Pouvoir N\u00b031page 5 suivant 1984 \u2013 Numero sp\u00e9cial sur la corruption-
\n4- * Amel Aouij-Mrad : ( br\u00e9ves reflexions sur la corruption dans certains corps de fonctionnaires ) page 59 rev de sc juridiques economique et de gestion de sousse N\u00b01 Juin 1997
\n*hyacinthe Sarassoro (La Corruption des Fonctionnaires en Afrique : Etude de Droit P\u00e9nal Compar\u00e9 ) Pr\u00e9face De Georges Levasseur \u2013Ouvrage Honor\u00e9 D\u2019une Subvention De La Felix Houphouet \u2013 Economica. 49 rue hericart. 75015 Paris 1980
\n5-\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 5 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 112 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1983 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 12 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1983 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062f\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 5 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 46 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1995 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u0627\u064a 1995 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 6\u064818 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 70 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1982 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 6 \u0623\u0648\u062a 1982 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 5 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f 71 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1997 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 11 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1997 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 7 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1970 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 29 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1970 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 39 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 23 \u0645\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1994 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f ……………….
\n6- Chelly-Khemais (L\u2019agent Public et L\u2019argent) M\u00e9moire Pour L\u2019obtention Du Dipl\u00f4me D\u2019\u00e9tudes Approfondue en droit public sous la direction du professur ben salah hafedh 1996\/1997<\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629(2).
\n\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (\u0639\u0642\u062f) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 : \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 : \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062c\u062c \u062f\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 83 \u064885 \u0645 \u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 83 \u0645 \u062c \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 …<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 85 \u0645 \u062c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635 :<\/strong> \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0647 …\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0643 (offre\/ acceptation) \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 27 \u0645 \u0627 \u0639 \u0641\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627 (3).
\n\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 : -\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644- \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 .\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f) \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 .
\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0648 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\n\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u061f \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (4) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 .<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 85 \u0645 \u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a ( \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0644 ) \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a ( \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a ) .<\/p>\n

1- Jean cartier Bresson (Corruption , Economie et D\u00e9mocratie ) page 17 et suivant In Problemes \u00e9conomiques page 24 et suivant \u2013 L\u2019\u00e9conomie de la corruption \u2013 In Recherches : democratie et corruption en europe sous la direction de Donatelle della porta etYves Merry . editions la decouverte
\n2- * Alberto Vannucci (mafia et corruption en Italie ) In\u2013 In Recherches : democratie et corruption en europe opt cit page 83 et suivant
\n*Wolfgang Seibel (La Corruption En Allemagne) \u2013 In Recherches : democratie et corruption en europe opt cit page 83 et suivant .
\n3- \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 : )\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629( \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 1998\/1999 \u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 .
\n4-\u0631\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0645 )\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a :\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635( \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0635 144 \u0648 145 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a : \u0639\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a (1) . \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d 23 \u0645\u0627\u064a 1998 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 ( ” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 ” \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648 ”\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0634 ” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 ) .
\n\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a ( \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649) \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a ( \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 (\u0623-) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 ( \u0628-) .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u200c-: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 ( 1) \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 ( 2).
\n1-\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647 : \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 :
\n-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f : \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2) \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 .
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 : \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 (3) \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u0647 (4) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a .<\/p>\n

\n2- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 :<\/strong>
\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d – .<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u2013 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a .<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u060c \u0648 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645 ..<\/p>\n

1- \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 83\u0648 85 \u0648 87 \u0648 87 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648 91 \u0645 \u062c ( \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f ) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648 \u0647\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a.<\/span>
\n2- *Cass crim 30 juin 1955 \u2013bull crim ;N\u00b0330 ;D.1955 p655<\/span>
\n*cass crim 06 fev1969 \u2013bull crim ; N\u00b067 Rev sc crim 1969 p 871<\/span><\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a ” \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a ” \u0635 11 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/span>
\n4- Cass crim 07 sept 1935 : gaz palais 1935 ,2, p 694<\/span><\/p>\n

.\u0628 -: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u2013 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (1) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (2) .<\/p>\n

\n1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 :<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0627 .
\n\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 (1) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 :<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 (2) \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f .\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 (3) .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 ” \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 (1-) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a ( 2-) .<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645.\u0641\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 87 \u0645.\u062c:\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629(4).<\/span><\/p>\n

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2 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 ” \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a ” \u0648 \u0644\u0626\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a . \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u061f \u062b\u0645 \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u061f<\/p>\n

cass crim 07 janv 1808 : bull crim N\u00b03 -1
\n2-cass crim 13 decmbre 1945 : bull . crim ; N\u00b0 145 . J . C . p ,ed .G IV page 17
\n3-\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 :\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 :\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u2013\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631-1941\u0635 19
\nFethi Jamaa (Les March\u00e9s De Travaux Publics ) ENA \u2013 CERA-il \u00e9crit :les march\u00e9s de 4–travaux publics constituent un outil privilige au service du d\u00e9veloppement economique.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 : \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630<\/strong>\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0649) \u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (1) \u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 (2) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a (3) .<\/p>\n

\n\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 ” \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a ” \u060c \u0641\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647 \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 .<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 (4) \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 (5) .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 83 \u0645 \u062c \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647.\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (6) .<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 83 \u0645 \u062c ( \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f) (7) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 ” ……\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 … ”
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 87 \u0645 \u062c \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 ” … \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 … \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0627 …” .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u2013\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a .
\n\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649) \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) .<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 : \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 1980\/1981\u0635 159
\n2- \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 1972 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635 144
\n3- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 30).
\n4- Cass crim 14 octobre 1975 . bull crim 1975 page 214
\n5- Roger Merl\u00e9-Andr\u00e9 Vitu : (Trait\u00e9 De Droit Criminel : Droit P\u00e9nal Sp\u00e9cial) I N F RA page 291
\n6- \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a :\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1991 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0635 66
\n7- \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 83 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 : \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 …\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a (\u0623) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a(\u0628) .<\/p>\n

\n\u0623: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a :<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 .
\n\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 83 \u0645 \u062c ” …. \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 … \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0631 … ” .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a (1) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a ( 2) .<\/p>\n

1 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 .
\n\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644 .<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 …
\n\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 – \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647 . \u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 .<\/span>
\n\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u2013 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\n\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 .<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 – \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 .
\n\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627 (1) .<\/p>\n

\n\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u060c \u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 .
\n\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 83 \u0645 \u062c ” …. \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 … ” .<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 83 \u0645 \u062c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a .<\/p>\n

\n\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 .<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0623-) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0628-)<\/p>\n

.\u0623 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629.
\n\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 (2) \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a .
\n\u0641\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u2013 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639- \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 .
\n\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 .<\/p>\n

1- \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 :<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0648\u064a\u064a\u062f ( \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 ) \u0635 101 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 .
\n– \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 ( \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 ) \u0635 26 \u0648 27 .
\ncass crim28 janvier 1987 ;N\u00b047 .Rev Sc crim 1987 , p 685 obs delmas- saint \u2013hilaire -2<\/p>\n

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