{"id":121554,"date":"2018-07-26T14:25:07","date_gmt":"2018-07-26T11:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=121554"},"modified":"2018-07-26T14:25:07","modified_gmt":"2018-07-26T11:25:07","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%83\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629” \u060c\u0623\u062a\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 “\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a” (HausBirouli) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629” \u060c\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a.\u0641\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644 9 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 1981\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c\u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

– \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/span>
\n– \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n– \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a.<\/span>
\n– \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646((25.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627.<\/strong>
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a :<\/p>\n

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\n)3)Essaid El Meskini,La gouvernance urbaine : une approche multidisciplinaire, REMAPP, num\u00e9ro 4 ,(Printemps 2009) , p11.
\n((4\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c” \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0646\u0627” \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c “\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0629” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0629” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f 8 \u0643\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648”\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631\u062a” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648 “\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0629” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f 15 \u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629.
\n((5\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 “\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u06211992\u060c( \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c 1994)\u060c \u06352.
\n((6\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 :\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 2005) \u060c\u0635 122.
\n)7) A. WITAM, La place de la population \u00e0 travers l\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019une op\u00e9ration de lutte contre l\u2019habitat insalubre ; cas de la restructuration de douar Daou \u00e0 Marrakech , )M\u00e9moire de D.E.S.A en Am\u00e9nagement et Urbanisme, Institut National d\u2019Am\u00e9nagement et d\u2019Urbanisme, Rabat, juin 2004(, p24.
\n((8\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 02\/08 \u060c(\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629 01. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 2012\/2013) \u060c \u0635 7 .\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.bu.umc.edu.dz\/th\u00e8ses\/droit\/AKET3954.pdf<\/p>\n

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\n((12\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a Letch Worth Garden City \u060c\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 Hertfordshire \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 33.000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628 161 \u0643\u0644\u0645 \u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 .\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 20 \u0643\u0644\u0645…
\n((13\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 Welwyn \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 Hertfordshire\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2001 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 3254 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629.
\n((14\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 1960.
\n((15\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 Heerhugowaard \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 40 \u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. Jacques Mal\u00e9zieux, Une nouvelle ville aux Pays bas : Heerhugowaard, Annales de G\u00e9ographie, Ann\u00e9e 1973, volume 82 num\u00e9ro 454, pp720\/ 731,
\n((16\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 127 \/128.
\n((17\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 8.
\n((18\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.
\n)19)R. SCHOONBRODT, Sociologie de l\u2019habitat social, comportement des habitants et architecture
\nCites , )Editions archives d\u2019architecture moderne, 1979(, p9.
\n((20\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f94 (2000)\u060c\u063521.
\n((21\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 126\u060c( 2005 ) \u060c\u0635 46-47.
\n)22)J . Basti\u00e9 , B. Desert , la ville ,) Edition Masson Paris 1991 ( , P 340.
\n((23\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 23.
\n((24\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u063a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 :\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 1995 ) \u060c\u0635 259.
\n)25)Hassan Kharmich , Les villes nouvelles au Maroc, Quelle vision de d\u00e9veloppement durable ? Cas de la ville nouvelle de Tamesna , Dans Ville et environnement durable en Afrique et au Moyen Orient , ) Edit\u00e9 pour : Taoufik Agoumy et Mohamed Refass Imprimerie Najah. El Jadida-Casablanca 2010(.P 249-250
\n((26\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: ,
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.
\n((27\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c( \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2004-2005 )\u060c \u063516.
\n)28)Said Belguidoum et Vanessa Rousseau ,le pouvoir local et le gouvernance urbaine, dans la ville et le d\u00e9sert le Bas Sahra alg\u00e9rien , )sous la direction de marc Cote KARTHALA ET IREMAM 2005(,P 277.
\n)29)Salah-Eddine Cherrad ,Badia Sahraoui ,gouvernance urbaine et r\u00e9alisation de ville nouvelle : cas de la ville d\u2019Ali Mendjeli pr\u00e9s de Constantine ),les cahiers CREAD N 68\/69 2 et 3 trim 2004(,p 175.
\n)30)Charlick (R) , Governance ,) Working Paper US \u2013 AID 1991(, p 22.
\n)31)Fouad Ammor ,gouvernance et sauvegarde du patrimoine : cas de la m\u00e9dina de f\u00e9s, dans, la gouvernance locale au Maroc) Sous la direction de Mihamed Harakat ,GREURE 2OO3( p 105.
\n)32)Mustapha Beltaief ,la gouvernance urbaine villes et pouvoir , dans m\u00e9langes offrets au doyen Sadok Belaid,) Tunis :centre de publication universitaire 2004(.p 107.
\n)33)Le gol\u00e9s (P) , du gouvernance de ville \u00e0 la gouvernance urbaine, R.F.S.P. VOL n 1, 1995 p 57\/95.
\n((34\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063517.
\n((35.\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 “\u060c\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c (\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 2009). \u0635 33.
\n((36\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063517 .
\n((37\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063517.
\n((38\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 27 \u201328.<\/p>\n

((39\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f ” \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a” \u060c(\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u060c\u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 2000-2001).
\n((40\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 29.
\n((41\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u062d\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 (\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648- \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u060c\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 29-30( \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 2015 )\u060c\u0635 69-70 .
\n)42)Yves Madiot, Am\u00e9nagement du territoires,)Edition Colin\/Masson 1996(.p13.<\/p>\n

((43\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629” \u0636\u0645\u0646 “\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2014 )\u0635 481.
\n((44\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646ville fontaine \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 10\/12\/2009 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627”.
\n)45)C. CHALINE, Les villes du monde Arabe ,) Paris : Masson & Armande Colin, mai 1996(, p.13.
\n((46\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 :\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c 2000) \u060c\u063524.
\n((47\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c (\u0641\u0627\u0633 :\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 2005)\u063568.
\n((48\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0635\u060c (\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 )\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c( \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u064585)\u060c \u0635.17.
\n((49\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 1977)\u060c \u063533.
\n((50\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a: -\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u2013\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 32 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 58 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 .
\n)51)Robert fishman , l\u2019utopie urbaine au xx\u00e9 si\u00e9cle :Ebenzer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright le cororbusier,) Paris : \u00e9dit\u00e9 par Pierre mardaga traduit de l\u2019anglais par P.Guillite Mardage 1992(,p 32.
\n((52\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u062a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644( \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 :\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 2013) \u060c \u0635 70.
\n((53\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (2015) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 56 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 45 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994.
\n((54\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u060c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 38 \u060c(\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2009).
\n((55\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 30
\n((56\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a \u060c\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 2008. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2008\u061f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f4 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 42 \u060c(\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2014 )\u0635 84.
\n((57\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a”\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 05 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2004.
\n((58\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 “\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u061f”\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a 22 \u0648 23 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2009 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.
\n((59\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000 ) \u060c\u063523.
\n((60\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c( \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 :\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2011) \u060c \u0635 12.
\n((61\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 24.
\n((62\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 .\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u060c\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 150 \u0648 200 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 700 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645.
\n.
\n((63\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 100 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 20.000 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 19 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 2008). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 : \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u064a:
\n– \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 100% \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.
\n– \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646.
\n– \u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

((64\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 34.
\n((65\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 25 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2009 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u060c\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645 27.12.2009.
\n((66\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 .
\n((67\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 28.
\n)68)Hassan Kharmich, Les villes nouvelles au Maroc, Quelle vision de d\u00e9veloppement durable ? Cas de la ville nouvelle de Tamesna, Dans, Ville et environnement durable en Afrique et au Moyen Orient, Casablanca Edit\u00e9 par : TaoufikAgoumy et Mohamed Refass \u00bb Imprimerie Najah. El Jadida- 2010.p 247-148<\/p>\n

)69)A.SERHAN , le financement de l\u2019habitat social au Maroc ,) Casablanca , EDIT Consulting, Ao\u00fbt 2003(, p.17.
\n)70)Ibid.p 248<\/p>\n

((71\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 “\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u061f”\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 .
\n((72\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 72-73.
\n((73\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 “\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 ” \u060c\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0648\u062d
\n\u060c\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c (\u0634\u062a\u0627\u06212009) \u060c \u063544 .
\n((74\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 29.
\n((75\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c2006)\u0635 208.
\n((76\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628”\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a”.
\n((77 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0627 \u060c\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f14\u060c (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u06482002)\u060c\u063563\/64
\n((78\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 71.
\n((79\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063519.
\n((80\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 22.
\n((81\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 34.
\n((82\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u060c\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 :\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u060c\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 38.
\n((83\u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\n((84\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 :\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 38.
\n((85\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 40.
\n((86\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 42.
\n((87\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a \u060c”\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633” \u060c\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 2009 ) \u060c\u0635 104.<\/p>\n

((88\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 43.
\n((89\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 20 \u0633\u0646\u0629.
\n((90\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0627 35% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f \u060c\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 10 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 30 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0627.
\n((91\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 :\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 36..
\n((92\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u060c\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u060c\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 25 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2009 .\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 27\/12\/2009.
\n((93\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\n((94\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a” 24.50 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 “\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f 27\/12\/2009.
\n(95 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635.3. (
\n((96\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u060c\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 165 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631.
\n((97\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 12.90 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a “\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0649 : 1- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 2- \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627” \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 19 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 12.90 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a:” \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646”.
\n((98\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 08.02 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 2002\/05\/08.
\n((99\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 07.30 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2008\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 .
\n((100\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u060c\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u060c\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 38.
\n((101\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a : \u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0623\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0633.
\n((102\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635.2.
\n)103)Abdelghani Abouhani , les politiques publiques de la ville au Maroc, dans la nouvelle sc\u00e8ne urbaine Maghreb ,France, USA, )Sous la direction de Pierre Robert Bouduel, Edition KARTHALA 2011( P219.
\n((104\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u060c\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635 41.
\n((105\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0639\u062f\u062f14 (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u06482002)\u063533.<\/p>\n

)106)Mohamed Ben Attou , Gouvernance citoyenne ,droit \u00e0 la ville et mise \u00e0 niveau des politiques urbaines ,le cas d’Agadir au Maroc, Revue Al Misbahiya n 10\/2013 P12.
\n((107\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 “\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f” \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
\n((108\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2012 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 27 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

)109)Mounir Zouiten, Gouvernance urbaine et strat\u00e9gie d\u2019acteurs , dans La gouvernance locale au Maroc op .cit , P 99.<\/p>\n

)110)Ibid , P 103.
\n((111\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644 2002.
\n((112\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 9 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2014.
\n((113\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

((114\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c.\u0635 210.
\n((115\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647 13 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0634\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627.
\n((116\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a”\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 2009″ .
\n((117\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063521.
\n((118\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063521.
\n((119\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063523.
\n((120 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f(14\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u06482002)\u063551.
\n((121\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u060c\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063590.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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