{"id":121047,"date":"2018-07-22T09:24:07","date_gmt":"2018-07-22T06:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=121047"},"modified":"2018-07-22T09:27:47","modified_gmt":"2018-07-22T06:27:47","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\nAbstract<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Military robotics have always been part of science fiction in films, magazines and books. However, recent years have shown that modern technology has moved from the realm of science fiction to practical reality. Thus, the concepts of self-command of machines and weapons, or what has come to be known as \u201cLethal Autonomous Weapon Systems\u201d have generated a great deal of debate among specialists and decision-making circles at the international level, because of the real problems, not the least legal, ethical, military and technological.The rise of technological development in the field of weapons development raises the possibility of a total reduction or elimination of direct human control of weapons systems and the use of force, especially in its sensitive functions of target selection and attack, as a result of a huge surge in robotics and computer science.<\/p>\n

This study is particularly interested in clarifying as far as possible the concepts related to LAWS, as these interlocking terms such as Autonomous weapons systems or Semi-autosome weapons systems should be considered, highlighting their respective characteristics with realistic examples. The study demonstrates the Applicability of the rules and principles of the current law of armed conflict in the case of the use of such technology, the consequent doubts about the latter\u2019s ability to respect international humanitarian law and human rights, the ambiguity surrounding accountability mechanisms in the case of non-compliance with these rules. Finally, the international community in trying to regulate and restrict the use of such technology, in modern diplomacy to negotiate within the framework of theConvention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects, and the application of Article 36 of the Additional Protocol I in 1977 to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/span> Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems \u2013 Robots\u2019 killers \u2013 Autonomous weapons<\/p>\n

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1) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631:<\/span> \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ([8]) \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u201d \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 (\u0623\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u0628) \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 (\u0623\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631) \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 -\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629- \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631([9]).
\n2) \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634:<\/span> \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 ([10])\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a([11]) \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u201c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631([12]) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 Human in the Loop\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 Human on the Loop\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 Human Out the Loop\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.
\n\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644.([13])\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629([14])\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 Fully Lethal Autonomous Weapons \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629. ([15])<\/p>\n

3) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 UK:<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2011 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u064f\u0645 ([16]) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u201d \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:
\n\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u201d ([17])<\/p>\n

4) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629Autonomous Weapon System:<\/span>\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.
\n\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a Human-supervised Autonomous Weapon System:<\/span>\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.
\n\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 Semi-Autonomous Weapon System:<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.
\n\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627 ([18]) \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2036 ([19]) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 36 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 DOD 5000.01 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a. ([20])<\/p>\n

5) \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631:<\/span> \u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.([21])
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\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629.
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: ([28])<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 Automation or autonomy:<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 (\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u201c\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627.. \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u201d \u201cif this, do that\u201d \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629([29])\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0630\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. ([30])\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639:<\/span>
\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 36.\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0649\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.([31])<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0640\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u201d \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064f\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 Ronald Arkin.([32])<\/p>\n

Ronald Arkin, Ibid, P 157.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f:<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 Out Put (\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 Explainable AI([33])\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f Black Boxes.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0643:<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0643\u201d Lethal \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 Super eEgis 2\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Samsung\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 2 \u0643\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.([36])<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629Military Necessity:<\/span>
\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0651 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u062c\u064a. ([37])\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 ([38]) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 50 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 51 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1977 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 Distinction:<\/span>
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([41])<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 Proportionality:<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0623\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629. ([42])<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 Michael Schmitt([43])\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u0651\u062f Sharkey\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629.([44])<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0651\u0645\u064f \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0651 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a([45]) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 Stanislav Galic\u0633\u0646\u0629 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Humanity:<\/span>
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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

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\n\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.
\n\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629.
\n\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629.
\n\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1980.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 (LAWS)\u060c 11 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2016.
\n\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u063a\u0641\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c 2010.
\n\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u201d\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 1999.
\n\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a 11 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2016.
\n\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 55\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2013\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.
\n\u062f.\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2017.
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

Peter Warren Singer, Wired for War \u201cthe robotics revolutionand conflict in the twenty first century\u201dThe Pengunpresse, New York, 2009.
\nEric Sholes, Evolution of a UAV AutonomyClassification Taxonomy, at 1 (remarks at the 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference).
\nAssistant Head, Air and Space (Development, Concepts and Doctrine), Joint Doctrine Note 2\/11: The UK Approach to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Shrivenham: The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre, Ministry of Defence, 30 March 2011.
\nUS Department of Defense, Unmanned Systems Integrated Road Map FY2011-2036.
\nChristof Heyns, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions. A\/HRC\/23\/47 (New York: UN General Assembly, 9 April 2013.
\nWilliam C. Marra& Sonia K. Mcneil, Understanding \u201cThe Loop\u201d: Regulating The Next Generation Of War Machines Lawfare Research Paper Series No. 1-2012.
\nVincent Boulanin, 2016, Mapping the Development of Autonomy in Weapon Systems: A Primer on Autonomy, SIPRI.
\nUNIDIR RESOURCES, The Weaponization of Increasingly Autonomous Technologies: Concerns, Characteristics and Definitional Approaches, No. 6, 2017
\nRonald Arkin, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots, Chapman & Hall\/CRC, Taylor & Francis Group, United States of America, 2009.
\nJohn K. HawleyM \u201cPatriot Wars: Automation and the Patriot Air and Missile Defense System\u201d \u060cCenter for a New American Security, 2017.
\nLAVIGNE et M. Philippe NOGRIX, Rapport d\u2019information sur le r\u00f4le \u2013 BERGE des drones dans les arm\u00e9es, SENAT, Session ordinaire de 2005 \u2013 2006. p. 8.
\nGary Marchant et al., International Governance of Autonomous Military Robots, 12 COLUM. SCL & TECH. L. REV. 272, 315 (2011).
\nHUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, Losing Humanity \u00abThe Case Against Killer Robots\u00bb , 2012, United States of America.
\nCes\u00e1reo Guti\u00e9rrez Espada,Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 CervellHortal, Autonomous Weapons Systems, Drones And International Law, Revista del Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de EstudiosEstrat\u00e9gicos, N\u00b02\/2013.
\nNoel Sharkey, \u201cAutomated Killers and the Computing Profession,\u201d Computer\u060c 40, issue 11 (2007).
\nAlan schuller, At the Crossroads of Control: The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence in AutonomousWeaponSystemswith International Humanitarian Law\u060c Harvard National Security Journal \/ Vol. 8, 379-430.
\nJean Baptiste jeang\u00e9neVilmer, Diplomatie des armes autonomes, les d\u00e9bats de Gen\u00e8ve, Politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re 2016\/3 (autonome)\u060c P 119-130.
\nHuman Rights Watch Arms Project, \u201cU.S. Blinding Laser Weapons, 1995\u201d http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/reports\/1995\/Us2.htm.
\n([1]) \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 400 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a 1925\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1925.<\/p>\n

([2]) \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1980\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

([3]) \u0633\u064f\u0645\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633Taranis \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

Le UK donne enfin plus de d\u00e9tails sur son drone de combat Taranis<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n