{"id":120985,"date":"2018-07-22T01:54:37","date_gmt":"2018-07-21T22:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=120985"},"modified":"2018-07-22T01:54:37","modified_gmt":"2018-07-21T22:54:37","slug":"%d8%ad%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%ad%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Culture of Citizenship in Contemporary Iraqi Society Analytical study from a social perspective<\/span><\/p>\n

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Dr. Hamdan Ramadan Mohammed<\/p>\n

Iraq \/ Mosul \/ University of Mosul \/ Faculty of Arts \/ Department of Sociology<\/span><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The research problem focused on the culture of citizenship in the state and its effectiveness among the components of Iraqi society, while the problem of research was centered on the central question of what is the concept of culture of citizenship and its development and cultural foundations and its importance in building and stability of society. To answer the research questions and to achieve its objectives, The research has confirmed that the culture of citizenship has a great role in educating individuals and recognizing their rights and duties in society, in addition to their role in the stability of society. The research also reached several conclusions,<\/p>\n

-1The quality of citizenship in a country affected by political maturity and cultural advancement.<\/p>\n

-2The concept of citizenship through the ages is influenced by political and social development and the beliefs of societies and values \u200b\u200bof civilizations and major global changes.<\/p>\n

-3The Government should consider citizenship as a list of the life of society and its programs should seek to bring together the poor and rich as partners in the renewal of society<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627.\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.
\n\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.
\n\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a.
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a.
\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u060c\u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 satiates \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 polis \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629([3]).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629([4]).<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a 15\/10\/2005.
\n\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15\/12\/2005 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2010 \u06482014\u06482018.\u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

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\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.
\n\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639
\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647.. \u0627\u0644\u062e \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\/13\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1968.<\/p>\n

\u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1988.
\n\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1982.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u062b \u060c\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1995 .
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c2001.
\n\u0628\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u060c2009.
\n\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c\u062c2.
\n\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c\u06371\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c2012 .
\n\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c\u06372\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c2004.
\n\u062f.\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0642\u060c 1980.
\n\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1993.
\n\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06376\u060c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1985.
\n\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2007.
\n\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629- \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c2012.
\n\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1994.
\n\u062f. \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c2011.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c2007.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c\u06375\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1979.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c\u06375\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1979.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2000.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c\u06372\u060c\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c2000.
\n\u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c\u062c1\u060c\u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1997.
\n\u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983.
\n\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c\u06371\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c2000.
\n\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 .
\n\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 .
\n\u062f.\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1980 .
\n\u062f.\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c1987.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c2007.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c2007.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2005.
\n\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629- \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c2011.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627:\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \/2\u060c\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c2004.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f14193\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c2007 .
\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 :\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a _\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c 2012 .
\n\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2006.
\n\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631- \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c2014.
\n\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d \u060c\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c2015.
\n\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c2004.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 :\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a(\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060ccarnegie-mec.org\/2013\/11\/06
\n\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u060c\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/4\/2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index
\n\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642
\n18\/5\/2018www . mqqal.com<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060cnet
\n\u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 Albadilalhadan.com
\n\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629\u060camcoptic.com
\n\u0645\u062d\u064a.\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c25\/1\/2008yek-den.com
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060calriyadh.com\/
\n\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a alsabaah.iq\/ArticleShow 10\/10\/ 2017.
\n\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c mcsr.net
\n\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627:\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

Encyclopedia\u060c book International mechanic. The new Encyclopedia peered Britannica\u060c20\u060cpp140-142.
\n[1]) \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a 10\/10\/ 2017. www.alsabaah.iq\/ArticleShow<\/p>\n

[2]) \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/4\/2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 https:\/\/revues.univ-ouargla.dz\/index<\/p>\n

[3]) \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629www.Albadilalhadan.com.<\/p>\n

[4]) \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u060c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\/13\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1968\u060c\u0635451.<\/p>\n

[5]) Encyclopedia, book International micanic. The new Encyclopedia peered Britannica ,vol.20,pp140-142<\/p>\n

[6]) \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c2012\u060c\u0635129..<\/p>\n

[7]) \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1982\u060c\u063560.<\/p>\n

[8]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u062b \u060c\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1995\u060c\u063596.<\/p>\n

[9]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c2009\u060c\u0635171.<\/p>\n

[10]) \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2012 \u060c \u063510.<\/p>\n

[11]) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u063564.<\/p>\n

[12]).\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c1980\u060c\u063517<\/p>\n

[13]) \u062f.\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1980\u060c\u063537-40.<\/p>\n

[14]) \u062f.\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635156-127.<\/p>\n

[15]) \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c\u062c2\u060c \u0635537-283.<\/p>\n

[16]) \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1993\u060c\u063590-91.<\/p>\n

[17]) \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c2001\u060c\u063520-21.<\/p>\n

[18]) \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u063592.<\/p>\n

[19]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c\u06375\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1979\u060c\u0635.<\/p>\n

[20]) ) \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1994\u060c\u063576.<\/p>\n

[21]) \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u060c2006\u060c \u060c\u060c\u063516.<\/p>\n

[22]) \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1983.<\/p>\n

[23]) \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c\u062c1\u060c\u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1997\u060c\u063543.<\/p>\n

[24]) \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u063522.<\/p>\n

[25]) \u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1988.<\/p>\n

[26]) \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \/2\u060c\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c2004\u060c\u063533.<\/p>\n

[27]) \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u063518.<\/p>\n

[28]) \u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06376\u060c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1985\u060c\u063526-27.<\/p>\n

[29]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c2007\u060c\u06351.<\/p>\n

[30]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u06352.<\/p>\n

[31]) \u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d \u060c\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c2015\u060c\u063534-37<\/p>\n

[32]) \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c\u06371\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u060c2012\u060c\u0635237-239.<\/p>\n

[33]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c\u06372\u060c\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c2000\u060c\u063520.<\/p>\n

[34]) \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631- \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c2014\u060c\u063520-27.<\/p>\n

[35]) \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060cwww.mcsr.net<\/p>\n

[36]) \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629\u060cwww.amcoptic.com<\/p>\n

[37]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f14193\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c2007\u060c\u0635106-107.<\/p>\n

[38]) \u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c2007\u060c\u0635100.<\/p>\n

[39]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c2007\u060c\u063597.<\/p>\n

[40]) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060cwwwmohawer.net<\/p>\n

[41]) \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631- \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c2014\u060c\u063520-27.<\/p>\n

[42]) \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629- \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639\u060c\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c2012\u060c\u0635113.<\/p>\n

[43]) \u0645\u062d\u064a.\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c25\/1\/2008www.yek-den.com<\/p>\n

[44]) \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c www.carnegie-mec.org\/2013\/11\/06<\/p>\n

[45]) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629- \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c2011.<\/p>\n

[46]) \u0628\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u060c2009.<\/p>\n

[47]) \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

[48]) .\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u060c\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635111<\/p>\n

[49]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u0635111.<\/p>\n

[50]) \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. 18\/5\/2018www . mqqal.com<\/p>\n

[51]) \u062f.\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c2011\u060c\u06355.<\/p>\n

[52]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u060c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c2007\u060c \u0647\u060c\u06354.<\/p>\n

[53]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u0635109.<\/p>\n

[54]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u060c\u06371\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2005\u060c\u0635107.<\/p>\n

[55]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u0635108.<\/p>\n

[56]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635109<\/p>\n

([57]) . \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c www.alriyadh.com\/<\/p>\n

[58]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u060c\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c\u0635107.<\/p>\n

[59]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u060c\u0635108<\/p>\n

[60]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635109.<\/p>\n

([61]) \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635113-114<\/p>\n

(2) \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c\u0635114<\/p>\n

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([66]) . \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u060c\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635116-122<\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a Culture of Citizenship in Contemporary Iraqi Society Analytical study from a social perspective \u0627.\u0645.\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \/\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \/\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 Dr. Hamdan Ramadan Mohammed Iraq \/ Mosul \/ University of Mosul \/ Faculty of Arts \/ Department of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":120986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[395,5104,425],"class_list":["post-120985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-395","tag-5104","tag-425"],"views":1046,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120985"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120985\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120987,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120985\/revisions\/120987"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}