{"id":120982,"date":"2018-07-22T01:37:48","date_gmt":"2018-07-21T22:37:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=120982"},"modified":"2018-07-22T01:37:48","modified_gmt":"2018-07-21T22:37:48","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Abstract<\/span><\/p>\n

The study aimed at identify liberal political theory in Western political thought through trying to prove that the dependent variable of liberal political theory contributed to the formulation of the independent variable of western political thought. The study was based on the assumption that liberal political theory formed a model which indicated that state\u2019s decision- making is fundamentally focuses on individuals and considering that the state was originally found to preserve the rights of individuals. Accordingly, to obtain clearer view, it was of a crucial importance to shed some light on the concept of liberalism in terms of origin, creation, contributions of its thinkers, and its most important beliefs and assumptions. The study adopted two research methods, namely, historical approach and analytical descriptive. The dependent variable of the liberal political theory influenced the independent variable of Western political thought, which led to reaching the conclusion of the study that confirmed the validity of the assumption. The liberal political theory has become a symbol of the developed countries, distinguishing them from others. These countries formed an example for developing countries. Liberal political theory through its thinkers has become a new approach in Western political thought<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647 , \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b.
\n\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u061f
\n\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u061f
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u061f
\n\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644:<\/span> \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a , \u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 (\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e) \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/span> \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 , \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637.
\n\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629).
\n\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 .
\n\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a:<\/span> \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ( \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) :<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647[3].<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u0645 ) :<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646[4].<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a): <\/strong><\/span>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c
\n\u0648\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 ( 45 % ) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a[5].<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 ):<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a[6].<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 ):<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629[7].<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 ):<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645[8] .<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/span>\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 ) :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a :<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 :<\/span>\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649[9] .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a :<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646[10].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Liber) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0631)[11] .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0642[12] .<\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629[15].<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 .\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a[17].<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644[19].<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u062a\u064a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 ):<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645[26] .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 ):<\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645[27].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 ) :<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.[28] .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629[29].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639[30].<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b : \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 ( 1632\u0645 \u2013 1704 \u0645 ) : \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 [33]. \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 :<\/span> \u0625\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a) \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629[34]\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0643\u0631 (\u0644\u0648\u0643) \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 ( \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647)[35] .
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648( 1689\u0645 \u2013 1755\u0645) : \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644 ( 1806\u0645 \u2013 1873\u0645):<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629[40].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 )\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 ) \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 ( \u0645\u0644 ) \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646[41] .<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f[42].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 ( \u0645\u0644 ) \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629[43].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a)[44].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645[45] .<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 ( 1836\u0645 \u2013 1882\u0645) :<\/span> \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629[46] .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629[47].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647 .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 .
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a.
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a ) \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628[48].<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 :<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0647 \u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 ( 2004 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a )<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0644 \u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a ( 1996 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a).<\/p>\n

– \u0641\u0631\u062c \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2007 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629) .<\/p>\n

– \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d ( 1985 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2001 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641) .<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 ( 1982 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c( \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f : \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a) .<\/p>\n

– \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 ( 2009 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c(\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f) .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0634 \u060c \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ( 2008 \u0645 ) \u060c \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c(\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632) .<\/p>\n

– \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0634 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a ( 2008 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u060c(\u062f\u0628\u064a : \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b) .<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c (\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631) .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2000 \u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c\u062c 1 + \u062c 3\u060c \u06371\u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631).<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 ( 2011\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c(\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 ( 2014)\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n

– \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0639\u0637\u0627 ( 2013\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371 \u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631).<\/p>\n

– \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 ( 2013\u0645)\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u06371 \u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639)<\/p>\n

– \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u060c\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2009\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371 \u060c(\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642).<\/p>\n

– \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a(2001\u0645) \u060c\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n

– \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 ( 2012\u0645) \u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u06373 \u060c ( \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639).<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 ( 2013\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c\u0637 1 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a).<\/p>\n

– \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 ( 2013\u0645)\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u06371 \u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639).<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 ( 2011\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c(\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n

– \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 ( 2014 \u0645 )\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c( \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 : \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642) .<\/p>\n

– \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646( 2014\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 .\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u06371\u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 ).<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 ( 2009\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ( \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 ) \u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639).<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 ( 1985 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u06371 \u060c ( \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 ).<\/p>\n

– \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f ( 1994\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u060c\u0637 1 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a : \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a ) .<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0639\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a ( 2004 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629).
\n– \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u0627\u064b\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 ( 1988\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u06371 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a .<\/p>\n

* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Fukuyama, Francis ( 1992) ,The Of History and The Last Man,( New York: Maxwell Macmillan International).<\/p>\n

– Fukuyama, Francis ( 1989) ,End Of History? ,( New York: National Interest, Summer).<\/p>\n

– Karen A, Mingst( 2003),Essentials Of International Relations, Second,W.W.Norton&Company, New York.<\/p>\n

– David A, Baldwin Editor (1993), ,Neorealism And Neoliberalism,(Columbia University Press: New York).<\/p>\n

– Mill.Juhn Stuart ( 1963). Callected Works Of John Stuart Mill.J.m.Robson University Of Turonto Press.<\/p>\n

– Juson Brennon ( 2012) , Liberalism: What Every One Needs To know. Oxford.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Skinner ( 1978) The Foundation Of Modern Political Though 2 vol Cambridge Press.<\/p>\n

* \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 ( 2008\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062c ( 100) \u060c \u0639 ( 489) .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 ( 1990\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0639 (10) \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 .<\/p>\n

– \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d ( 1999\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (20)\u060c \u0639 (96) \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

– \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a( 2011\u0645) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 31\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 156 \u2013 157\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

– \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 ( 2011\u0645) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 15 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 .<\/p>\n

– \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0634 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631 ( 2003\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 30 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 1 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2015\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 42 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 3 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f ( 1997\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0639 179 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647 ( 1966\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062c ( 5 ) \u060c \u0639 ( 1 ) \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a .<\/p>\n

[1]- Fukuyama, Francis, The Of History and The Last Man,( New York: Maxwell Macmillan International), (1992), p17<\/p>\n

[2] Fukuyama, Francis, End Of History? ,( New York: National Interest, Summer), ( 1989),p2<\/p>\n

-[3] \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (20)\u060c \u0639 (96) \u060c ( 1999\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

[4] \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0634 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 30 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 1 \u060c( 2003\u0645 ) \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

[5] \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0645\u062c(100)\u060c\u0639(489)\u060c(2008\u0645)<\/p>\n

[6] -\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 ( 2009\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ( \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 ) \u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639).<\/p>\n

[7] \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 15\u060c ( 2011\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

[8]- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 31\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 156 \u2013 157\u060c ( 2011\u0645)\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

[9] -\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062c ( 5 ) \u060c \u0639 ( 1 ) \u060c (1966\u0645) \u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c\u0635 77<\/p>\n

[10] \u0633\u0639\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629)\u060c( 2004 \u0645 ) \u060c\u0635 141<\/p>\n

[11] -\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u060c2008\u0645\u060c\u0635 11<\/p>\n

[12] -\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0639 (10) \u060c ( 1990\u0645 )\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0635 67<\/p>\n

[13] \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 42 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 3 \u060c(2015\u0645) \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06355<\/p>\n

[14] \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 42 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 3 \u060c(2015\u0645) \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u06355<\/p>\n

[15] \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 ( 1992\u0645) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u0637 2 \u060c( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 )\u060c \u0635 375<\/p>\n

[16] \u2013 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a(2001\u0645) \u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0635 232<\/p>\n

[17]-Karen A, Mingst( 2003),Essentials Of International Relations, Second,W.W.Norton&Company, NewYork, p p 63 \u2013 64<\/p>\n

-[18] \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 ( 2004 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 ) \u060c \u0635 11 \u2013 13<\/p>\n

[19] \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 ( 2012\u0645) \u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u06373 \u060c ( \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639)\u060c\u0635 105<\/p>\n

-[20] \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c( 2008\u0645 )\u060c \u0645\u062c ( 100) \u060c \u0639 ( 489) \u060c \u0635 190<\/p>\n

-[21] \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631( 2004)\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u060c \u0635 11 \u060c 124
\n-[22] \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 \u060c \u0635 11 \u060c 124<\/p>\n

[23] -\u0641\u0631\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2007 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 )\u060c \u0635 \u0635 271 \u2013 272<\/p>\n

[24] -uson Brennon ( 2012) , Liberalism: What Every One Needs To know. Oxford,p 213<\/p>\n

[25] -Skinner ( 1978) The Foundation Of Modern Political Though 2 vol Cambridge Press.p 90<\/p>\n

[26] \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 ( 1985\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u06371\u060c( \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 ) \u060c \u0635 80<\/p>\n

[27] \u2013 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f ( 1994\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u060c\u0637 1 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a : \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a ) \u060c \u0635 402<\/p>\n

[28] \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0639 179 \u060c ( 1997\u0645 ) \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0635 \u0635 16 \u2013 32<\/p>\n

[29] -\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 ( 2009\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c \u06371 \u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 ) \u060c \u0635 380<\/p>\n

[30] \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a ( 2001\u0645 ) \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 236<\/p>\n

[31] \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 ( 1985 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 ) \u060c \u0635 \u0635 54 \u2013 56 .<\/p>\n

[32] \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f \u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 ( 2009\u0645 ) \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 379 .<\/p>\n

[33]\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 ( \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e )\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c ( \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 ) \u060c \u0635 \u0635 194 \u2013 195 .<\/p>\n

[34] \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u060c\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2009\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371 \u060c(\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642)\u060c \u0635 \u0635 53 \u2013 54 .<\/p>\n

[35] \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 ( 2013\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c\u0637 1 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a)\u060c \u0635 118<\/p>\n

[36] \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2001\u0645)\u060c\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0637 1\u060c(\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641)\u060c \u0635 192<\/p>\n

[37] \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2000 \u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c\u062c 3\u060c \u06371\u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631)\u060c\u0635 \u0635 1282 \u2013 1284<\/p>\n

[38] \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 ( 2013\u0645)\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u06371 \u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639)\u060c \u0635 197<\/p>\n

[39] \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 ( 1982 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c ( \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f : \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a ) \u060c \u0635 122 .<\/p>\n

[40] \u0645\u0644 \u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a ( 1996 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 : \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a ) \u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n

[41] \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2001 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 \u0635 390 \u2013 391<\/p>\n

[42] \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 ( 2011\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c(\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0635 \u0635 175-176<\/p>\n

[43] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 ( 2014)\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0635 \u0635 59 \u2013 60<\/p>\n

[44] \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 ( 2014 \u0645 )\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c( \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 : \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642) \u060c\u0635 207<\/p>\n

[45] Mill.Juhn Stuart ( 1963). Callected Works Of John Stuart Mill.J.m.Robson University Of Turonto Press. pp470<\/p>\n

[46] \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (2011\u0645 )\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 176<\/p>\n

[47] \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646( 2014\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371\u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 )\u060c \u0635 80<\/p>\n

[48] \u0641\u0631\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2007 ) \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 \u0635 273 \u2013 274<\/p>\n

[49] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 \u0635 275 \u2013 277<\/p>\n

[50] \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 \u0635 1161- 1162<\/p>\n

[51] \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0634 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a(2008\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u06373 \u060c (\u062f\u0628\u064a : \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b) \u060c\u063574<\/p>\n

[52] \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 (2009\u0645)\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371\u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 : \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0635 75<\/p>\n

[53] \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0637\u0627 ( 2013\u0645 ) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371\u060c ( \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 )\u060c \u0635 141<\/p>\n

\n\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 Abstract The study aimed at identify liberal political theory in Western political thought through trying to prove that the dependent variable of liberal political theory contributed to the formulation of the independent variable of western political […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":120983,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[2918,2781,4655,20],"class_list":["post-120982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-2918","tag-2781","tag-4655","tag-20"],"views":724,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120982"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120984,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120982\/revisions\/120984"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}