{"id":120928,"date":"2018-07-21T02:43:30","date_gmt":"2018-07-20T23:43:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=120928"},"modified":"2018-07-21T02:43:30","modified_gmt":"2018-07-20T23:43:30","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Summary :<\/span><\/p>\n

International law through doctrines of jurisprudence, international conventions and judicial practices, has sought to protect minorities.<\/p>\n

However, this protection has once again been within the scope of human rights and has once been shown as a special right. In this study, we tried to shed light on the concept of minorities and the international convention hich guarantees their rights. Through a number of mechanismes and endeavors that if we want to evaluate, we find that it does not respond to the damage affecting the various minorities in the world and to the fect necessary care for the marginlized group.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645([7]).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 49 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u06337371\u0642 \u0645\u201d ([8])\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0648\u0623 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627.
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627([9])\u060c\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0633([10]).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642:<\/span> \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642([11]).<\/p>\n

\n\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a([12]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646:<\/span> \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629([13])\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u201c\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644\u201d([14]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629:<\/span> \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 ([15])\u060c\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0645\u201d([16]).<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u201c<\/span>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u201d([17]).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f:<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636([18])\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627([19]).<\/p>\n

\n\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0636\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948([37])\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u201d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0623) \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

(\u0628) \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

(\u062c) \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

(\u062f) \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

(\u0647\u0640) \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1995 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.
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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1945 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 218 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 45\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1990.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 1904\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 20 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1963.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 2200 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 16 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1966\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a: 22 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1977.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 260\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a: 9 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 429\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 28 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 1951.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 47\/135\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06311992.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 44\/25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 20 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1989.
\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0647 22 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629\u0641\u064a 24 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u06312008.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a: 14 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1960.
\n2.\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 4\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c1.
\n\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2005.
\n\u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011.
\n\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c 6 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016.
\n\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2005.
\n\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2013.
\n\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2009.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u062a) \u062c1\/\u0635890.
\n\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2015.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0629 13\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c3\/237.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012.
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990.
\n\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u060c \u062c6.
\n\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u0633.\u0646\u060c \u0635 15.
\n\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 9\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2017.
\n\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2006.
\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c2.
\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989.
\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003\u060c\u062c1.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637 1 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2010\u060c.
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003.
\n\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 26\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2017.
\n\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008.
\n\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008.
\n\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008.
\n3.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645: 9\/5\/2018 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/knowledgegate\/books\/2004\/10\/3\/
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: https:\/\/refugeesmigrants.un.org\/ar\/definitions
\n([1]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003\u060c \u062c1\/ \u0635 499.<\/p>\n

([2]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0629 13\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012\u060c \u0635 15.<\/p>\n

([3]) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2005\u060c \u0635 157.<\/p>\n

([4])\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c2\/\u0635 756.<\/p>\n

([5])\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u060c \u062c6\/\u0635 130.<\/p>\n

([6]) \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2006\u060c \u0635 34.<\/p>\n

([7]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637 1 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2010\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0635 183.<\/p>\n

([8]) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002\u060c \u0635 130.<\/p>\n

([9]) \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2005\u060c \u0635 55.<\/p>\n

([10]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012\u060c \u06359.<\/p>\n

([11]) \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645: 9\/5\/2018<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/knowledgegate\/books\/2004\/10\/3\/<\/p>\n

([12]) \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u0633.\u0646\u060c \u0635 15.<\/p>\n

([13]) \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c 6 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016\u060c \u0635 7.<\/p>\n

([14]) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u062a) \u062c1\/\u0635890.<\/p>\n

([15]) \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c3\/237.<\/p>\n

([16])\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 4\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c1\/\u0635 34.<\/p>\n

([17]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990\u060c \u0635 33.<\/p>\n

([18]) \u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 9\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 2017\u060c \u063535.<\/p>\n

([19]) \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011\u060c \u0635 128.<\/p>\n

([20]) \u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008\u060c \u0635 67.<\/p>\n

([21]) \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2009\u060c \u0635 39.<\/p>\n

([22]) \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2013\u060c \u0635 48.<\/p>\n

([23]) \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008\u060c \u0635 15.<\/p>\n

([24]) \u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008\u060c \u0635 91.<\/p>\n

([25])\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 429\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 28 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 1951.<\/p>\n

([26])\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0647 22 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u06312008.<\/p>\n

([27]) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 45\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1990.<\/p>\n

([28])\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:https:\/\/refugeesmigrants.un.org\/ar\/definitions<\/p>\n

([29]) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 157.<\/p>\n

([30])\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 160.<\/p>\n

([31]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 184.<\/p>\n

([32])\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2015\u060c \u0635 60.<\/p>\n

([33]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0635 185.<\/p>\n

([34]) \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1945.<\/p>\n

([35]) \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 60.<\/p>\n

([36]) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 218 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948.<\/p>\n

([37]) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 260\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a: 9 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1948\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a: 12 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1951.<\/p>\n

([38]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 185.<\/p>\n

([39]) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989\u060c \u063512.<\/p>\n

([40]) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 1904\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 20 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1963.<\/p>\n

([41]) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 2200 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 16 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1966\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a: 22 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1977.<\/p>\n

([42]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a: 14 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1960.<\/p>\n

([43])\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 44\/25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 20 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1989.<\/p>\n

([44])\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 47\/135\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06311992.<\/p>\n

([45])\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

([46]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 187.<\/p>\n

([47]) \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 18 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1998 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

([48]) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003\u060c \u0635 432.<\/p>\n

([49]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012\u060c \u06356.<\/p>\n

([50]) \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1945 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012.<\/p>\n

([51]) \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 191-194.<\/p>\n

([52]) \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 4.<\/p>\n

([53]) \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 51.<\/p>\n

([54]) \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 26\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2017\u060c \u0635 16-17.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630: \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f- \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":120930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[2465,294,31,663],"class_list":["post-120928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-2465","tag-294","tag-31","tag-663"],"views":1600,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120928"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120928\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120931,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120928\/revisions\/120931"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}