{"id":115750,"date":"2018-04-21T09:07:59","date_gmt":"2018-04-21T06:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=115750"},"modified":"2018-04-21T09:07:59","modified_gmt":"2018-04-21T06:07:59","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Abstract<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This study deals with the relationship between non-state actors and human rights. It shows the existence of an International legal system that allows them to exercise their activities in defending human rights issues. However, this does not mean that there is one type of non-state actors which aims to protecting human rights. But there are others seek material gains, incompatible with human rights principles. They must be addressed by imposing controls on their activities, restricting them and punishing violators.<\/p>\n

In order to protect human rights, non-state actors are active in various forms, either in the form of internal or international non-governmental organizations, or in the form of a global or internal civil society, or in the form of or individuals. They are involved in the preparation of periodic review reports or through pressure on government institutions to adopt legislation for the protection of rights and freedoms. All of them have played a major role in developing and enriching the human rights system and in devising new human rights concepts such as differential equality and cultural diversity.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span>
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\u201cEmmanuel Decaux \u201c<\/span>:\u201cMoins d\u2019\u00e9tat signifie moins de droit, en tous cas-moins de droit international public\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Acteurs Supra \u00e9tatique) \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a([5])\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0623-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 (Angela Hegarty) \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u201c\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u201d([6]).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 (M. Merle) \u0641\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c<\/span>\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u201c([7]).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

1-<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 22) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 20).<\/p>\n

2-<\/span> \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

3-<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4-<\/span> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645. ([8])<\/p>\n

\u201c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

1_<\/span> \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (ECOSOC) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

– \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

2_<\/span> \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

3_<\/span> \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

4_<\/span> \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u201c([9]).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 38000\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2000 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/span> \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (ECOSOC)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1863([10]) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u201d\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1915 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627([11])\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u201cOXFAM\u201d(Oxford Committee for Famine relief)<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1942 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u201cCARE\u201d(Cooperation for American relief every where)<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1946 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Amnesty International)<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a 1961 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a Peter) Benenson) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0628\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Fr\u00e8res des Hommes) \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 (Green Peace) \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 (Jwing Stowe and Jim Bohlen) \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Human right watch ) \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1978 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.([12])<\/span><\/p>\n

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– \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <\/span>(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0640\u201dla sanctuarisation de l\u2019espace publique\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/strong><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629([25]) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648.\u0645 .\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628 -\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0643\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span>
\n\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647 .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 22 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 14.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 77.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 31.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span> \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a)([26])\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647([27]).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628.([28])<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span>
\n\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628([29]).<\/p>\n

-\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643\u064a\u0646 .([30])<\/p>\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 10\/12\/1998.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.([33])<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 60\/251 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 15\/03\/2006([34])\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 .<\/p>\n

– \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

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– \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635([44]).<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

-\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 2004.<\/p>\n

-\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1993.<\/p>\n

-\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 2008.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 2008.-<\/p>\n

-\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 144\/53 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8\/3\/1999.<\/p>\n

-\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.international-alert.org\/pdfs\/TK_Civil%20Society_Arabic.pdf<\/p>\n

-\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/<\/p>\n

-\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.islamonline.net\/iol-arabic\/qadaya\/hadaraq\/hadaraqa3.asp<\/p>\n

-\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/united-nations\/universal-periodic-review\/role-of-civil-society<\/p>\n

2-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

-A. Hegary and S.Leonard,Human Right_ An Agenda for the 21st Century, Cavendish Publishing, London1999. Benoit Fraydman, Vers un Statut de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile dans l\u2019Ordre International, Philosophie du Droit, Dalloz, Paris2001.<\/p>\n

-Bribosia Emmanuelle et Hennebel Ludovic, Classer les Droits de l\u2019Homme, Bruylant, Paris2004.<\/p>\n

-Cohen Samy, ONG, Altermondialistes et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile Internationale, Revue Fran\u00e7aise de sciences Politique, N\u05a03, vol54, France2004<\/p>\n

-G. Anderson et al (eds), Non State Actors in the Human Right Univers ,Kumarian Press,USA2006.<\/p>\n

– Pirotte Gautier, La Notion de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile, la d\u00e9couverte, Paris 2007.<\/p>\n

-Ranjeva Raymond, Les Organisation non Gouvernementales, Bruylant , Paris 2005.<\/p>\n

-Pokempner Dinah, New Non State Actors in International Humanitarian Low, The George Washington International Low Review, USA2006.<\/p>\n

-Christos Giakoumopoulos, Etat, Droits de l\u2019Homme, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile \u2013 Les Concepts Fondamentaux. http:\/\/www.icj-ch.org\/pdf\/giakoumopoulos.pdf<\/p>\n

-Monique Prindezis, Les ONG et Les Droits de l\u2019Homme, Eduquer aux Droit de l\u2019Homme, Vue d\u2019Afrique, N\u05a03, Novembre2004. http:\/\/www.cifedhop.org\/publications\/perspectives\/vuesdafrique3\/Prindezis.pdf<\/p>\n

-Zaki Laidi ,La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile Internationale Existe -t-elle ? D\u00e9faillances et Potentialit\u00e9, Cadres CFDT, N\u00b0410-411, mis en ligne en juillet 2004. http:\/\/www.cadres-plus.net\/bdd_fichiers\/410-02.pdf<\/p>\n

– Melik Ozden, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Transnationale et Droits Humains, Une Collection du Programme Droits Humains du Centre Europe \u2013 Tiers Monde (CETIM). http:\/\/www.cetim.ch\/fr\/documents\/bro2-stn-A4-fr.pdf<\/p>\n

([1]) Raymond Ranjeva, Les Organisation non Gouvernementales, Bruylant , Paris 2005, pp 4,5.<\/p>\n

([2]) \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 144\/53 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8\/3\/1999.<\/p>\n

3 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.international-alert.org\/pdfs\/TK_Civil%20Society_Arabic.pdf<\/p>\n

([4]) Christos Giakoumopoulos, Etat, Droits de l\u2019Homme, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile \u2013 Les Concepts Fondamentaux, p5.<\/p>\n

www.icj-ch.org\/pdf\/giakoumopoulos.pdf<\/p>\n

([5]) \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1993\u060c \u063549.<\/p>\n

([6])Angela Hegary, Non- Gouvernemental Organizations: the Key to Change, In: A. Hegary and S.Leonard,Human (eds), Right_ An Agenda for the 21st Century, Cavendish Publishing, London1999, pp268, 269.<\/p>\n

([7]) \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 49. \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n

Merle, Sociologie des Relations Internationales, Dallos, Paris 1982, pp 362-363 .
\n([8])\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 .<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. ([9])<\/p>\n

\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063597. ([10])<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. ([11])<\/p>\n

([12]) Samy Cohen, ONG, Altermondialistes et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile Internationale, Revue Fran\u00e7aise de sciences Politique, N\u05a03, vol54, France2004, pp 379-397.<\/p>\n

([13]) Angela Hegarty, op cit, p270, 272.<\/p>\n

([14]) \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/<\/p>\n

([15])d\u2019Afrique, N\u05a03, Novembre2004. http:\/\/www.cifedhop.org\/publications\/perspectives\/vuesdafrique3\/Prindezis.pdf<\/p>\n

([15])Maritina O\u2019brion , Non-Governmentals organisations and United Nations , In: A. Hegary and S. Leonard(eds), Human Right- An Agenda for the 21st Century, Cavendish Publishing, London1999, pp247- 264.Monique Prindezis, Les ONG et Les Droits de l\u2019Homme, Eduquer aux Droit de l\u2019Homme, Vue d\u2019Afrique, N\u05a03, Novembre 2004.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.cifedhop.org\/publications\/perspectives\/vuesdafrique3\/Prindezis.pdf<\/p>\n

([16])Maritina O\u2019brion , Non-Governmentals organisations and United Nations , In: A. Hegary and S. Leonard(eds), Human Right- An Agenda for the 21st Century, Cavendish Publishing, London1999, pp247- 264.<\/p>\n

([17]) Peter Pack, Amnesty International: An Evolving Mandate in Changing World, In: A. Hegary and S. Leonard(eds), Human Right_ An Agenda for the 21st Century, Cavendish Publishing, London1999, pp233- 240.<\/p>\n

([18]) Zaki Laidi ,La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile Internationale Existe -t-elle ? D\u00e9faillances et Potentialit\u00e9, Cadres CFDT, N\u00b0410-411, mis en ligne en juillet 2004, p11. http:\/\/www.cadres-plus.net\/bdd_fichiers\/410-02.pdf<\/p>\n

([19]) Richard Folk ,Global Civile Society Actors and 9\/11, In: G. Anderson et al (eds), Non State Actors in the Human Right Univers ,Kumarian Press,USA2006 , p117.<\/p>\n

([20]) Samy Cohen, op cite, p13,14,15.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: ([21])<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.islamonline.net\/iol-arabic\/qadaya\/hadaraq\/hadaraqa3.asp<\/p>\n

([22]) \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

([23]) \u00ab La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile devient cet espace public au sein duquel les d\u00e9f\u00e9rences sociales, les probl\u00e8mes sociaux, les politiques, l\u2019action gouvernementale, les affaires communautaires et les identit\u00e9s culturelles sont mise en d\u00e9bat \u00bb.<\/p>\n

([24]) Gautier Pirotte, La Notion de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile, la d\u00e9couverte, Paris 2007, p55.<\/p>\n

([25])Benoit Fraydman, Vers un Statut de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile dans l\u2019Ordre International, Philosophie du Droit, Dalloz, Paris2001, pp 152, 153.<\/p>\n

([26]) \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 2008\u060c \u0635 137-144.<\/p>\n

([27]) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 2004\u060c \u0635 114\u060c 416\u060c417.<\/p>\n

([28]) \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

www.international-alert.org\/pdfs\/tk_HUMAN Right_Arabic.pdf<\/p>\n

([29]) Remond Ranjeva, Les Organisations non Gouvernementales et le Droit International des Droits de l\u2019Homme, Bruylant , Paris2005 , p6.<\/p>\n

([30]) Monique Prindezis, op cit, pp156, 159<\/p>\n

([31]) Angela Hegarty, op cit , p272 .<\/p>\n

([32])Ibid, op cit , p 273.<\/p>\n

([33])Angela Hegarty, op cit, p 274.<\/p>\n

([34]) \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 71.<\/p>\n

35\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

www.amnesty.org\/ar\/united-nations\/universal-periodic-review\/role-of-civil-society<\/p>\n

([36]) \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 243.<\/p>\n

([37]) \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0635 251.<\/p>\n

([38]) Melik Ozden, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Transnationale et Droits Humains, Une Collection du Programme Droits Humains du Centre Europe \u2013 Tiers Monde (CETIM), p7. http:\/\/www.cetim.ch\/fr\/documents\/bro2-stn-A4-fr.pdf<\/p>\n

([39]) Melik Ozden, op cit, p8.<\/p>\n

([40]) Melik Ozden, op cit, p21.<\/p>\n

([41])Ibid.<\/p>\n

([42])Herbert F. Spirer and Louise Spirer\u060c Accounting for Human Rights Violations by Non-State Actors, In: G. Anderson et al (eds), Non- State Actors in the Human Right Univers, Kumarian Press,USA2006, p49.<\/p>\n

([43]) Ibid, pp49, 50.<\/p>\n

([44])Melik Ozden, op cit, pp41, 19, 20.<\/p>\n

([45])Ibid, p21.<\/p>\n

([46])Ibid, pp 41, 42.<\/p>\n

([47]) Dinah Pokempner, New Non State Actors in International Humanitarian Low, The George Washington International Low Review, USA2006, pp560, 561.<\/p>\n

([48])\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

([49]) Richard Folk, op cit, pp126-130.<\/p>\n

([50])Raymond Ranjeva, op cit, pp14, 15.<\/p>\n

. ([51])\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

www.islamonline.net\/iol-arabic\/qadaya\/hadaraq\/hadaraqa3.asp<\/p>\n

([52]) Emmanuel Decaux, op cit, p30.<\/p>\n

([53]) Ibid, pp 35\u060c34.<\/p>\n

([54]) Ibid, p32.<\/p>\n

([55]) Julie Ringlheim, Droit individuels et Droit Collectifs, Dans: Bribosia Emmanuelle et Hennebel Ludovic (ed), Classer les Droits de l\u2019Homme, Bruylant, Paris2004, pp241-244.<\/p>\n

([56])Julie Ringlheim, op cit, pp253, 254.<\/p>\n

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