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\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635120.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c\u063534 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c\u063592-93\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f. \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a &#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0626\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 &#8221; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635143 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4- \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1384 \/ 1 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8221; \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 &#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063562.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6- \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 15 \/ 1 \/ 1995 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P.Jourdian\u060cP.380 et S\u060cRecueil dalloz\u060c 1997.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7- \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1995 \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : Code civil\u060c 1996-1997\u060c P. 810.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8- \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 20 \/ 3 \/ 1989 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 J. Huet\u060c op. Cit\u060c P. 186.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9- \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648 \u060c \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063514.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">0- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635119.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1- \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635119. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 J. Ghestin\u060c Laresponsabilite\u060c op. Cit\u060c P. 65.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635159. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f. \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635512 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f. \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635110 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635124.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f. \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063575 \u060c \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635161 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635120 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u062f. \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635168 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635124 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 J. Ghestin\u060c op. Cit\u060c P. 65.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5- \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635450 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 (276).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6- \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f. \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635161.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7- \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u062f\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635450 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 (276). \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u060c 1953 \u060c \u0635239.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8- \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646:-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">J. Ghestin\u060c op. Cit\u060c P. 66.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19- \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635151 \u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635386 \u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u060c 1989 \u060c \u063596.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">20- \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635169.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">21- \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0635164.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">22- \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635178 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063566.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">23- \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635448. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u063584 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">24- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063515 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 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\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063576 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 (105) \u060c \u0635107 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 (64) \u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u060c \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063578-79 \u060c \u062f. \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635172.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">B. Starck et H. Roland et L. Boyer\u060c op. Cit\u060c P. 255.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">25- \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635158.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">26- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 150 \/ 2 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0645 148 \/ 2 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0645 1135 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">27- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a 31 \/ 1 \/ 1973 \u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">28- \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063578 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">29- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a 31 \/ 1 \/ 1973 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a 29 \/ 12 \/ 1975 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635135 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">30- \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 142 \/ 2 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8221; \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 &#8221; \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 146 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">31- \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 432 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8221; \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 &#8221; \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ( 537 ) \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8221; \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623- \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u2026 \u0628- \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u062c- \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639. ).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">32- \u064a\u0631\u0649 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">37- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 9 \/ 10 \/ 1979 \u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">38- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 17 \/ 1 \/ 1995 \u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P. Jourdain\u060c op. Cit\u060c P.380.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063521.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a .<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":114677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[3043,1481,179,1996,1800,325,12267],"class_list":["post-114676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-39","tag-3043","tag-1481","tag-179","tag-1996","tag-1800","tag-325","tag-12267"],"views":1321,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114676"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114676\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/114677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}