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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0640 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635117. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 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Civ. 16 avril; 1973. som; 101. et. j. Cedars le obligation de negocier: R.T.D. com. 1985. p . 250.<\/p>\n 3- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c 2001 \u060c \u0635278\u060c \u062f 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\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1949\u060c \u0635284\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1978\u060c\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 29\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 63\u060c \u0635133\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2001\u060c \u0641124\u060c \u063591\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c 1998 \u060c \u063585\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c 2003 \u060c \u0635234\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635123 \u2013 124\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0628) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u0640 Demolombe. cours de Droit civil (positif francais. T. II Section. 49 cite par) p. 182.; Ghestin; op. cit. Note 72. p. 229.<\/p>\n \u0640 Gabrielle FAGGELLA: DEI periodi; op; cit .p . 271. ets.<\/p>\n 10- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u060c \u0635109 \u2013 110\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0640 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c (2002)\u060c \u063574\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635540 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f. \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c 1996 \u060c \u0635180\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u0640 ph. Malaurie et L.Aynes; les obligationa; 4e ed. Paris 1993 p. 209 ets.<\/p>\n \u0640 G. Viney; Les obligations; op. cit. P. 232.<\/p>\n 11- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a (\u0633\u0650\u0650\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0631) :<\/p>\n \u0640 Schenker. F: pre contractual liability in swiss law Swiss Report\/ XIIIth international Congress of comparative law (montreal 19 \u2013 24 aout 1990) Schulthess pokygraphischer Verlag Zurivh 1990. pp 89: 101.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635132\u060c \u062f. \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c (1)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (3)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1997 \u060c \u0635130\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063582.<\/p>\n 12- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u0645\u062c1\u060c \u0635393\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1950\u060c \u0635385 \u2013 359 \u061b\u062f. \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1957 \u060c\u0635159\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635380.<\/p>\n 13- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1413\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1993\u0645 \u060c \u063511\u060c \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2003\u060c \u063513\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u0640 mark k.&Rick M SCHOENfJELD op; cit p. 29.<\/p>\n \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635229.<\/p>\n 14- \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u2013 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c 1984 \u060c \u0635179\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635229.<\/p>\n 15- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0641\u064a\u062c\u0644) :<\/p>\n \u0640 Gabrielle FAGGELLA. Dele preriode precontracttvali op; cit. P.217.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u063582\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1978\u060c\u0635118. \u062f. \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c((\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629)) \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1982 \u060c \u0635302\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063547.<\/p>\n 16- \u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f: \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u0640 COHERIER Des obligations naissant des pourparlers \u2026 op; cit; p. 100.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635130\u060c \u062f. \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063538\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063543 \u2013 44.<\/p>\n 17- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063583\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063545\u060c \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635123\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063556\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u0640 SALEILLES; De la responsabilite contraetuelle; op; cit. pp . 735 \u2013 736.<\/p>\n 18- \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635767\u060c \u062f. \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u06373\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2000\u060c \u0635216\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063557.<\/p>\n 19- \u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u064c\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u062f. \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1994\u060c \u0635186\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063571\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063558\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u0640 V.viney; op. cit .p . 222 \u2013 223; Schmidt la sanctiopnde la foute avtick prectee; p. 46 ets.<\/p>\n \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: \u062f. \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635130.<\/p>\n 20- \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u063525\u060c \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635108.<\/p>\n 21- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 .<\/p>\n \u0640= J. Ghestin; Traite de Droit civil \u2013 la formation du contract. 3 em. Ed \u2013 1994. N406. N. 604. p. 346; Terre Simleret lequette op; cit. p. 95 J.schmedt; op: cit. P. 137.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063572 \u2013 73\u060c \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635182\u060c \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063573\u060c \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063534 \u2013 35\u060c \u062f. \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063575\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a 3 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1979\/ \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u060c 1980\u060c 57\u060c I.R\/ \u0635262\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a 23 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c 1979\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635412\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a 9 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ 1979\/ \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 175\u060c \u0635247.<\/p>\n 22- \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635202\u060c \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u06359.<\/p>\n 23- \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f (\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 Carbonnier) \u0627\u0644\u0640 non \u2013 droit \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n \u0640 Garbonnier: Flexible droit\/ 8em ed 1995\/ L.G.D.J\/ p.23. ets.<\/p>\n \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635181\u060c \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063517 \u2013 18.<\/p>\n 24- \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1971\u060c \u0635222\u060c \u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1973\u060c\u0635122\u060c \u062f. \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063556 \u2013 57\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1987. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639.\u060c \u0635195\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 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\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (466) \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n 25- \u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1942)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 =\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b (\u06451337)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1946) \u060c\u0645 (197\u060c 198). \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 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\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c 1967\u060c \u063537 \u2013 38\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063588.<\/p>\n 26- \u0627\u0630 \u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a :<\/p>\n \u0640 com. 29. 5. 1990; Bull. Eiv.IV no. 157 ets. Dalloz. 1990. IR 151.-<\/p>\n \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063550.<\/p>\n 27- \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u2013 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0640 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644. (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u064a 24 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c 1985\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1989\u060c \u063552\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f :\u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635275\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u063575\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646) 22\/ 7\/ 1988\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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