{"id":113176,"date":"2018-02-06T00:46:34","date_gmt":"2018-02-05T21:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=113176"},"modified":"2018-02-06T00:50:45","modified_gmt":"2018-02-05T21:50:45","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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The Inclusion Extent of the Secondary Insider in the Prohibition of Insider Trading in the Securities Exchange (Comparative legal study between Lebanese, Kuwaiti and French law)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Humam Al Qussi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/span><\/p>\n

The principles of the Securities Exchange prohibit trading on the basis of confidential information that has not been published to the public if it has the effect of influencing the market price (Insider Trading). The trader who is familiar with this information will have the advantage of distinguishing it from the rest of the traders, as this information will allow him to make a guaranteed profit on the Securities Exchange, that profanes the principle of equality among investors. This has led most legislators to ban the exploitation of internal information that combines the two categories of confidentiality and the ability to influence the market price when announced.<\/p>\n

Hence, the researcher delves deeper into the legal concept of one of the most knowledgeable insiders in the controversial Securities Exchange, the \u201csecondary insider\u201d who is aware of the information even though he is not authorized to read it.<\/p>\n

We try to define the concept and types of secondary insider from the point of view of the law, which shows the danger of ignoring the issue of the prohibition of the internal information exploitation through studying the legal texts issued by the Lebanese, Kuwaiti and French legislators, especially in light of the impact of this negative practice on Securities Exchange, which multiplies when a fatal legal loophole Due to the omission of the legislator of secondary insider.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Secondary Insider, Principal Insider, Inside Information, Internal Information Exploitation, Insider Trading, Securities Exchange, Trading, Market Price, Equality among Investors.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064c \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/span>[7] \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064f\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064d \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span> \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u061f\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0650\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064d \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064d \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u201d \u201cPrincipal Tippee\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u201d \u201cThe International Organization of Securities Commissions IOSCO \u2013 Organisation Internationale des Commissions de Valeurs \u2013 OICV\u201d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0640: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u201d[50].
\n\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a[51].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u201d \u201cIniti\u00e9 \u2013 Insider\u201d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a\u201d \u201cTippee\u201d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 (OICV) \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u201d \u201cSecondary Tippee\u201d \u0628\u0640: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u201d[52].
\n\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a[53].<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0635 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span> \u201c\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064d \u0627\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u201d.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u201c\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u201d.
\n\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064e\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.
\n\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647.
\n\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647.
\n\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b.
\n\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u064e\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631.
\n\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u064b\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0644.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

– \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007.<\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996.<\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999.<\/p>\n

– \u0623. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633-\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000.<\/p>\n

\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u201c\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 -\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

-\u062f. \u0635\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f:37\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

Articles:
\n– ABOODY David, HUGHES John, LIU Jing, \u201cEarnings Quality, Insider Trading, and Cost of Capital\u201d, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol.43, No.5, December 2005.<\/p>\n

– AHERN Kenneth R., \u201cInformation Networks: Evidence from Illegal Insider Trading Tips\u201d, 5 February 2015. See: www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0304405X17300570 (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

– ANDERSON John P., Anticipating a Sea Change for Insider Trading Law: From Trading Plan Crisis to Rational Reform\u201d, Utah Law Review, Vol. 2015, No 2, 2015, pp. 339-389.<\/p>\n

– AITKEN Michael, CUMMING Douglas, ZHAN Feng, \u201cExchange trading rules, surveillance and insider trading\u201d, Center for Financial Studies (CFS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Working Paper, No. 2013\/15, 15 Oct 2013.<\/p>\n

– BAINBRIDGE Stephen M., \u201cInsider Trading\u201d, In: BOUCKAERT, B.; DE GEEST, G. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, Vol. III, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000.<\/p>\n

– BENY, Laura Nyantung. \u201cInsider Trading Laws and Stock Markets Around the World an Empirical Contribution to the Theoretical Law and Economics Debate\u201d, The Journal of Corporation Law, Winter 2007, pp.237-300.<\/p>\n

– COFFEE Jr. John C., \u201cMapping the Future of Insider Trading Law: Of Boundaries, Gaps, and Strategies\u201d, Law Working Paper N\u00b0. 204\/2013, European Corporate Governance Institute, March 2013.<\/p>\n

– CZIRAKI Peter, DE GOEIJ Peter, RENNEBOOG Luc, \u201cInsider Trading, Option Exercises and Private Benefits of Control\u201d, 2010. See: https:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/p\/has\/discpr\/1006.html (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

– CUMMING Douglas, GROH Alexander, JOHAN Sofia, \u201cSame Rules, Different Enforcement: Market Abuse in Europe\u201d, 14 January 2014. See: https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2399064 (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

– DAVIS Kenneth R., \u201cThe Equality Principle: how Title VII can save Insider Trading Law\u201d, Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 39:199, 2017.<\/p>\n

-The International Organization of Securities Commissions (OICV-IOSCO), \u201cInsider Trading How Jurisdictions Regulate It\u201d, report of the emerging markets committee, March 2003. See: http:\/\/www.iosco.org\/library\/pubdocs\/pdf\/IOSCOPD145.pdf (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

– NGUYEN Vinh, TRAN Anh, ZECKHAUSER Richard, \u201cStock Splits to Profit Insider Trading Lessons from an Emerging Market\u201d, December 30, 2016. See: www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0261560617300487 (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

– WISNIEWSKI Tomasz P., BOHL Martin T., \u201cThe Information Content of Registered Insider Trading Under Lax Law Enforcement\u201d, International Review of Law & Economics, 2005 \u2013 Elsevier.<\/p>\n

– WANG Xuewu, \u201cTime-Varying Liquidity Trading, Private Information and Insider Trading\u201d, 2010. See: http:\/\/www.fma.org\/NY\/Papers\/PINInsiderTrading.pdf (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

Thesis:<\/span>
\n– PEREIRA Diego Trindade, \u201cKerr v. Danier Leather: an Analysis of the Difficulty to Enforce a Duty to Update Statements about the Future in the Context of Securities Regulation\u201d, A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2010. See : https:\/\/tspace.library.utoronto.ca\/handle\/1807\/25827 (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

Articles<\/span>:
\n– BERCOT Nicolas, KESLASSY Michael, \u201cD\u00e9tection du d\u00e9lit d\u2019initi\u00e9\u201d, D\u00e9partement de Math\u00e9matiques Appliqu\u00e9es, Ecole Polytechnique, D\u00e9cembre 2005.<\/p>\n

– FERON Beno\u00eet, \u201cLes D\u00e9lits Boursiers, en Droit Belge et en Droit Compare\u201d, Colloque Les d\u00e9lits financiers, Belgaum, Bruxelles, 1999.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e8ses:
\n– ONOFREI Adina, \u201cLa Restructuration des Marches Financiers en Europe: Une Course de Titans\u201d, Thesis for the Degree of Master of European Studies, College of Europe, Bruges, Law Department, Academic Year 2005-2006. See:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/docplayer.fr\/6352457-La-restructuration-des-marches-financiers-en-europe.html (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

– VOLZ Stefanie, \u201cLa Surveillance des Bourses en France et en Allemagne une Comparaison Analytique\u201d, Universit\u00e9 Robert Schuman, Strasbourg III, ann\u00e9e universitaire 2002\/2003. Voir le lien: http:\/\/www-cde.u-strasbg.fr\/ (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

III. Les D\u00e9cision:<\/p>\n

– Cour de Cassation de France, Chambre criminelle, Cassation partielle, Audience publique du 14 juin 2006, Publication: Bulletin criminel, 2006 N\u00b0 178.<\/p>\n

– Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat de France, statuant au contentieux, N\u00b0 298912, lecture du 14 d\u00e9cembre 2006.<\/p>\n

[1] Vinh NGUYEN, Anh TRAN, Richard ZECKHAUSER, \u201cStock Splits to Profit Insider Trading Lessons from an Emerging Market\u201d, December 30, 2016, page 2. See: www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0261560617300487 (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

[2] \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u064f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0640: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f:37\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013.<\/p>\n

[3] \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 293.<\/p>\n

[4] \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640: \u201c\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u201d \u201cSecondaires\u201d.<\/p>\n

[5] Tomasz P. WISNIEWSKI, Martin T. BOHL, \u201cThe Information Content of Registered Insider Trading Under Lax Law Enforcement\u201d, International Review of Law & Economics, 2005 \u2013 Elsevier. see: http:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0144818805000323.<\/p>\n

[6] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 127\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 1.<\/p>\n

[7] \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 501.<\/p>\n

[8] Kenneth R. DAVIS, \u201cThe Equality Principle: how Title VII can save Insider Trading Law\u201d, Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 39:199, 2017, page 3.<\/p>\n

[9] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a 239 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27-5-1993.<\/p>\n

[10] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 52\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15\/06\/1999.<\/p>\n

[11] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 7\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 21\\2\\2010.<\/p>\n

[12] \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 WANG \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u064d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Xuewu WANG, \u201cTime-Varying Liquidity Trading, Private Information and Insider Trading\u201d, 2010, page 25. See: http:\/\/www.fma.org\/NY\/Papers\/PINInsiderTrading.pdf (12-1-2018) .<\/p>\n

[13] \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Stephen M. BAINBRIDGE, \u201cInsider Trading\u201d, In: BOUCKAERT, B.; DE GEEST, G. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, Vol. III, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000, page 784.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

[14] \u062f.\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 45.<\/p>\n

[15] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 118 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 7\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 22 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015.<\/p>\n

[16] Code mon\u00e9taire et financier de France, derni\u00e8re modification le 01 janvier 2017, document g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 le 09 janvier 2017.<\/p>\n

[17] \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u201d. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u201c\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 75. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Adina ONOFREI, \u201cLa Restructuration des Marches Financiers en Europe: Une Course de Titans\u201d, Thesis for the Degree of Master of European Studies, College of Europe, Bruges, Law Department, Academic Year 2005-2006, page 20. Voir le line:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/docplayer.fr\/6352457-La-restructuration-des-marches-financiers-en-europe.html (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

[18] Loi de France, N\u00b0 2003-706, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, du 1er ao\u00fbt 2003.<\/p>\n

[19] LIVRE VI \u2013 ABUS DE MARCH\u00c9: OP\u00c9RATIONS D\u2019INITI\u00c9S ET MANIPULATIONS DE MARCH\u00c9, R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF).<\/p>\n

[20] Article 622-2, R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF).<\/p>\n

[21] \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0650\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u201d \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0635\u0650\u062d\u064e \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0623. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Beno\u00eet FERON, \u201cLes D\u00e9lits Boursiers, en Droit Belge et en Droit Compare\u201d, Colloque Les d\u00e9lits financiers, Belgaum, Bruxelles, 1999, page 15.<\/p>\n

[22] Cour de Cassation de France, Chambre criminelle, Cassation partielle, Audience publique du 14 juin 2006, Publication: Bulletin criminel, 2006 N\u00b0 178, page. 616. Voir le line:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.lexinter.net\/JPTXT4\/JP2005\/delit_d%27initie.htm.<\/p>\n

[23] Article 742-4, R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF).<\/p>\n

[24] \u201c.. personne d\u00e9tenant une information privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e et qui sait ou qui aurait d\u00fb savoir qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une information privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e\u201d. Voir: Article 742-4, R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF).<\/p>\n

[25] \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 833 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

D\u00e9cret de France, N\u00b0 67-833, 28\\9\\1967, section 9\\2.<\/p>\n

[25] \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat de France, statuant au contentieux, N\u00b0 298912, lecture du 14 d\u00e9cembre 2006. voir le lien:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.lexinter.net\/JPTXT4\/JP2005\/demande_de_suspension_d%27une_sanction.htm.<\/p>\n

[26] Stefanie VOLZ, \u201cLa Surveillance des Bourses en France et en Allemagne une Comparaison Analytique\u201d, Universit\u00e9 Robert Schuman, Strasbourg III, ann\u00e9e universitaire 2002\/2003, page 37. Voir le lien: http:\/\/www-cde.u-strasbg.fr\/da\/da\/AnnexesMemoires\/Promo2003\/Volz.pdf.<\/p>\n

[27] \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a -\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639- \u064a\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f.\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 23.<\/p>\n

[28] \u062f.\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u062e\u0648\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 449. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064d (\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629) \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 140 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 15 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 52 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15\/06\/1999.<\/p>\n

[29] \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Nicolas BERCOT, Michael KESLASSY, \u201cD\u00e9tection du d\u00e9lit d\u2019initi\u00e9\u201d, D\u00e9partement de Math\u00e9matiques Appliqu\u00e9es, Ecole Polytechnique, D\u00e9cembre 2005, page 3. Voir le lien: http:\/\/homepages.nyu.edu\/~njb268\/files\/EA.pdf.<\/p>\n

[30] Jr. John C. COFFEE, \u201cMapping the Future of Insider Trading Law: Of Boundaries, Gaps, and Strategies\u201d, Law Working Paper N\u00b0. 204\/2013, European Corporate Governance Institute, March 2013, page 1.<\/p>\n

[31] Laura Nyantung BENY, \u201cInsider Trading Laws and Stock Markets Around the World an Empirical Contribution to the Theoretical Law and Economics Debate\u201d, The Journal of Corporation Law, Winter 2007, pp.237-300, page 250.<\/p>\n

[32] \u062f.\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u062e\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 354.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f.\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 234.<\/p>\n

[33] \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Nicolas BERCOT, Michael KESLASSY, op.cit., page 4.<\/p>\n

[34] \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 43.<\/p>\n

[35] \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u064e\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0636\u064d \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064d \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064e\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

[36] Kenneth R. AHERN, \u201cInformation Networks: Evidence from Illegal Insider Trading Tips\u201d, 5 February 2015. See: www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0304405X17300570 (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

[37] \u062f. \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 212\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

SEC v. Texas Gulf Sulphur Co., 401 F.2d 833 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 394 U.S. 976 (1969):<\/p>\n

Stephen M. BAINBRIDGE, op. cit., page 773.<\/p>\n

[38] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 37 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995.<\/p>\n

[39] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 73 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995.<\/p>\n

[40] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 7 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u201d\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 36.<\/p>\n

[41] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 118 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 7\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 22 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015.<\/p>\n

[42] Article 742-4, R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF).<\/p>\n

[43] \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 (\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 CARRFOUR \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f.\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 46 \u0648 47.<\/p>\n

[44] \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0650\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

[45] \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0650\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Stefanie VOLZ, op.cit., page 11.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 421.<\/p>\n

[46] U.S. v. O\u2019Hagan, 92 F.3d 612 (8th Cir. 1996): Stephen M. BAINBRIDGE, op. cit., page 776, 777.<\/p>\n

[47] The International Organization of Securities Commissions (OICV-IOSCO), \u201cInsider Trading How Jurisdictions Regulate It\u201d, report of the emerging markets committee, March 2003, page 9. see: http:\/\/www.iosco.org\/library\/pubdocs\/pdf\/IOSCOPD145.pdf (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

[48] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 118 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 7\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 22 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015.<\/p>\n

[49] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 46.<\/p>\n

[50] The International Organization of Securities Commissions (OICV-IOSCO), op. cit., page 9.<\/p>\n

[51] \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 (\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a) \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0626\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a-\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064c\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

[52] The International Organization of Securities Commissions (OICV-IOSCO), op. cit., page 9.<\/p>\n

[53] \u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064a\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 55.<\/p>\n

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[55] Laura Nyantung BENY, op. cit., page 251.<\/p>\n

[56] \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646: \u201c\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: 1. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b<\/p>\n

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\n[57] \u0623\u0643\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b ANDERSON \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 (SEC) \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u064d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0637\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0647\u0632\u0645\\\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u201d \u201cBeat the Market\u201d\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u201cAwareness\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

John P. ANDERSON, Anticipating a Sea Change for Insider Trading Law: From Trading Plan Crisis to Rational Reform\u201d, Utah Law Review, Vol. 2015, No 2, 2015, pp. 339-389, page 388.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064d \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u0650\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

[58] \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 AITKEN \u0648 CUMMING\u0648 ZHAN\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u061f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Michael AITKEN, Douglas CUMMING, Feng ZHAN, \u201cExchange trading rules, surveillance and insider trading\u201d, Center for Financial Studies (CFS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Working Paper, No. 2013\/15, 15 Oct 2013, page 2.<\/p>\n

[59] David ABOODY, John HUGHES, Jing LIU, \u201cEarnings Quality, Insider Trading, and Cost of Capital\u201d, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol.43, No.5, December 2005, pp. 651-673, page 670.<\/p>\n

[60] Stephen M. BAINBRIDGE, op. cit., page 773.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b: \u062f.\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 64.<\/p>\n

[61] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 37 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995.<\/p>\n

[62] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 73 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995.<\/p>\n

[63] \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623.\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633-\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 34. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Adina ONOFREI, op.cit., page 4.<\/p>\n

[64] \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 140 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 15 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647: \u201c\u2026 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c\u2026\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 158 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1983 \u0646\u0635\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647: \u201c\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0640\u064a\u0647\u0627.. \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629..\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0638\u0631\u064c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 164 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647.<\/p>\n

[65] \u201c.. personne d\u00e9tenant une information privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e et qui sait ou qui aurait d\u00fb savoir qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une information privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e\u201d. Voir: Article 742-4, R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF).<\/p>\n

[66] \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15%\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0651\u064c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

[67] \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

Diego Trindade PEREIRA, \u201cKerr v. Danier Leather: an Analysis of the Difficulty to Enforce a Duty to Update Statements about the Future in the Context of Securities Regulation\u201d, A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2010, page 44. See:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/tspace.library.utoronto.ca\/bitstream\/1807\/25827\/11\/Trindade_Pereira_Diego_201011_LLM_Thesis.pdf.<\/p>\n

[68] Peter CZIRAKI, Peter DE GOEIJ, Luc RENNEBOOG, \u201cInsider Trading, Option Exercises and Private Benefits of Control\u201d, 2010, page 31. https:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/p\/has\/discpr\/1006.html (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n

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[69] \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 37 \u064873 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995.<\/p>\n

[70] Article 742-3-2\u00b0, R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF).<\/p>\n

[71] Douglas CUMMING, Alexander GROH, Sofia JOHAN, \u201cSame Rules, Different Enforcement: Market Abuse in Europe\u201d, 14 January 2014, page 3. See: https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2399064 (12-1-2018).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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