{"id":110491,"date":"2018-01-12T09:11:47","date_gmt":"2018-01-12T06:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=110491"},"modified":"2018-01-12T09:13:00","modified_gmt":"2018-01-12T06:13:00","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\nAbstract:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A corporate group is the clustering of two or more companies under the management of the parent company. The companies that operate under its control are referred to as subsidiaries. What raises the debate about corporate clustering is the contradiction that may appear at first glance about the way this group functions and its relationship with its structures, since the subsidiary companies have an independent legal personality but are at the same time subordinate to their parent company, though the corporate group does not possess any moral personality, while the judiciary has provided the group with special authority in several cases; it is worth mentioning the case of Rozenblum. This contradiction raises many legal problems, especially when it comes to deciding about the types of responsibility to give to subsidiaries, including the environmental responsibility, and the extent to which these responsibilities can be extended to the parent company, especially if the moral personality of the subsidiary company is reduced. In the case of mixing receivables or establishing a fictitious subsidiary, or when the moral personality of the subsidiary company is declining, or when the parent company intervenes in the management of the subsidiary company, then who is primarily responsible in this case? Is it the corporate group as a whole, though it does not have any moral personality? Or is it the parent company? Or is it the subsidiary company which possesses the capacity and legal independence? The debate is further exacerbated by the fact that the Algerian legislator has not frame yet the corporate group with detailed texts; he left it to the general legislation that regulates the company law. However, this general legislation is not sufficient for setting up legal safeguards that can guarantee the repair of damage that is caused by subsidiaries and also to compensate those affected.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the other hand, the French legislator addressed the issue in a different way. He departed from the principle of independence of moral personality by delimiting the responsibility of the parent company for the environmental damage caused by its subsidiaries; this was done when the French Environment Management Act was amended in 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/span><\/strong> Corporate group; Parent company; Subsidiary; Moral personality; Environmental responsibility.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/span><\/strong>
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\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645[4]\u060c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.
\n\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621[5].
\n\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629\u201dSous filiale \u201d<\/span> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629[6].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 [7].
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631[8].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 732 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 4 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201d \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629[10]\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1999\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639[11]\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 731 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0635:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 138 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u06314 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 76 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 03\/11 [12] \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 79 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629[17].<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a[18].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627[19].<\/span>
\n\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 04\/07 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 03\/10\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 19 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2003\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 [20] \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201d \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629<\/span>\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a[21].<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.[22]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u201d[23].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629[24].<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062c\u0631[25].<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 Catala[27] \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1360 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201d \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.[28]\u201c<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629[29].<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645
\n\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\n\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645. \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627[30].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649[31].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629[32].
\n\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0637 \u0627\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631[33].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0645\u0632\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a[34].
\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.
\n\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629[35].<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647[36].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627[37].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2010\/788 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 12\/07\/2010 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629[38]\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 233\/5-1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a[39].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a[40].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629[41].<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627:<\/span> \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629[42].\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.
\n\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629[43].<\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647.
\n\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.
\n\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
\n\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2011.
\n\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0633\u0646\u0629 2009.
\n\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2016.
\n\u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2007.
\n2:\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Dekeuwer,Defossez, Groupe de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contrats et responsabilit\u00e9s,L.G.D.J, Paris,1994.
\nFran\u00e7ois Gore, Droit des affaires, tome 2, Montchrestien,Paris,1999.
\nFrederic Magnus,Le groupe de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et la protection des int\u00e9r\u00eats cat\u00e9goriels, \u00e9d Larcier,Belgique,2011.
\nSerge Hadji Artinian, La faute de egstion,LITEC,Paris,2001.
\nPariente Maggy, Les groupes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ,\u00e9d Litec,Paris,1993.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u060c 2014.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

1: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2007.
\n\u0628\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2011\/2012.
\n\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005.
\n\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c2005 .
\n2:\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

Farag Hmoda, La protection des cr\u00e9anciers au sein des groupes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, universit\u00e9 franche-compte, th\u00e8se soutenue le 19 Mars 2013.
\nPascaud-Blandin Perle, La responsabilit\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re du fait des actes commis par sa filiale, M\u00e9moire de master, Universit\u00e9 de Paris sud, France,2013,
\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

1:\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 75\/58\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1975\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 07\/05 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 13 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2007.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 75\/59 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1975\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 05\/02\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a6\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2005.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 96\/27 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 09\/12\/1996\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 75\/59\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1996\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f77.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 03\/03 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 19 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2003\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 43.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 03\/11\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26 \u063a\u0634\u062a 2003\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 52.
\n2: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

Loi n\u00b0 95-101 du 2 f\u00e9vrier 1995 relative au renforcement de la protection de l\u2019environnement, JORF n\u00b029 du 3 f\u00e9vrier 1995.
\nLoi n2010 \/788 du 12 juillet 2010, Portant engagement national pour l\u2019environnement, publi\u00e9 sur Internet : https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022470434 Date de derni\u00e8re consultation 04\/11\/2017.
\n[1] \u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c2005\u060c\u0635.7.<\/p>\n

[2] \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 09\/12\/1996\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 75\/59\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1996\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f77.<\/p>\n

[3] Fran\u00e7ois Dekeuwer,Defossez, Groupe de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contrats et responsabilit\u00e9s ,L.G.D.J, Paris,1994,p .1.<\/p>\n

[4]\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005\u060c \u0635.29.<\/p>\n

[5]Fran\u00e7ois Gor\u00e9, Droit des affaires, tome 2, Montchrestien,Paris,1999,p.475.<\/p>\n

[6]P. Didier, Droit commercial, tome 3, 1993,p.513.<\/p>\n

[7] \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635.30.<\/p>\n

[8]Pariente Maggy, Les groupes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, \u00e9d Litec, Paris,1993,p .468.<\/p>\n

[9] \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 75\/59 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1975\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 05\/02\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 6\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2005.<\/p>\n

[10] \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 716 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n

[11] \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 87.<\/p>\n

[12] \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 03\/11\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26 \u063a\u0634\u062a 2003\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 52.<\/p>\n

[13] \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 03\/03 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 19 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2003\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 43.<\/p>\n

[14] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 549 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

[15] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 50\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 75\/58\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1975\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 07\/05 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a 13\u0645\u0627\u064a 2007.<\/p>\n

[16] \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2007\u060c \u0635.637. \u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:<\/p>\n

Frederic Magnus,Le groupe de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et la protection des int\u00e9r\u00eats cat\u00e9goriels, \u00e9d Larcier,Belgique,2011,p. 57.<\/p>\n

[17] \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u060c\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u060c\u0633\u0646\u0629 1997\u060c\u0635.11 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2011\u060c\u0635.21<\/p>\n

[18] Lavieille (J-M),Droit de l\u2019environnement ,elipes1998,P.7.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635.23.<\/p>\n

[19] \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635.23 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

[20] \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f43\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 20 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2003.<\/p>\n

[21] \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 04\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 02\/02\/1994\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f5\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 03\/02\/1994.<\/p>\n

[22] Loi n\u00b0 95-101 du 2 f\u00e9vrier 1995 relative au renforcement de la protection de l\u2019environnement, JORF n\u00b029 du 3 f\u00e9vrier 1995.<\/p>\n

[23] \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2007\u060c\u0635,16.<\/p>\n

[24]\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2016\u060c\u0635.64.<\/p>\n

[25] \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635.67 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

[26]\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u0635.78 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

[27]AVANT-PROJET DE REFORME DU DROIT DES OBLIGATIONS (Articles 1101 \u00e0 1386 du Code civil) ET DU DROIT DE LA PRESCRIPTION (Articles 2234 \u00e0 2281 du Code civil), publie sur Internet:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.justice.gouv.fr\/art_pix\/RAPPORTCATALASEPTEMBRE2005.pdf , Date de derni\u00e8re consultation :25 \/10\/2017 .<\/p>\n

[28]\u00ab De m\u00eame, est responsable celui qui contr\u00f4le l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique ou patrimoniale d\u2019un professionnel en situation de d\u00e9pendance, bien qu\u2019agissant pour son propre compte, lorsque la victime \u00e9tablit que le fait dommageable est en relation avec l\u2019exercice du contr\u00f4le. Il en est ainsi notamment des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e8res pour les dommages caus\u00e9s par leurs filiales ou des conc\u00e9dants pour les dommages caus\u00e9s par leurs concessionnaires. \u00bb<\/p>\n

[29]Pascaud-Blandin Perle, La responsabilit\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re du fait des actes commis par sa filiale, M\u00e9moire de master, Universit\u00e9 de Paris sud, France,2013,p.32.<\/p>\n

[30]\u201cLa confusion de patrimoine s\u2019entend d\u2019un m\u00e9lange de biens d\u2019origine diff\u00e9rentes dans une masse unique au sein de laquelle il devient plus difficile de les distinguer. \u00bb Farag Hmoda, La protection des cr\u00e9anciers au sein des groupes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, th\u00e8se soutenue le 19 Mars 2013 La protection des cr\u00e9anciers au sein des groupes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s,universit\u00e9 franche-compte, th\u00e8se soutenue le 19 Mars 2013, p.315.<\/p>\n

[31] \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635.169,<\/p>\n

[32] \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c\u0633\u0646\u0629 2009\u060c\u0635.183.<\/p>\n

[33]\u201cLa cour de cassation affirma en ce sens que la confusion des patrimoines d\u2019une S.N.C, d\u2019une S .A.R.L et d\u2019une association ne peut \u00eatred\u00e9cider aux seuls motifs que ces trois personnes ont communs, que l\u2019association et la S.A.R.L participent au capital des membres et des dirigeants de le S.N.C,que les trois personnes ont une activit\u00e9 compl\u00e9mentaire exerc\u00e9e dans les m\u00eames locaux.<\/p>\n

En l\u2019absence de toute constatation r\u00e9v\u00e8lant l\u2019imbrication des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019actifs et de passif composant les patrimoines de ces trois personnes morales, la cour d\u2019appel n\u2019a pas donn\u00e9 de bases l\u00e9gales \u00e0 sa d\u00e9cision. \u00bb Cass.com,16 juin 2009,n08-15.883. cite par Farag Hmoda,op.cit,p.324.<\/p>\n

[34] \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635.176.<\/p>\n

[35] \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635.171.<\/p>\n

[36]Serge Hadji Artinian,La faute de egstion,LITEC,Paris,2001,p.180.<\/p>\n

[37]CA,Paris,15novembre 2007,revue pro.coll,2008,n87,Note Martin Serf. \u00ab Les dirigeants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re sont reconnus responsables pour avoir affect\u00e9 les fonds de cette derni\u00e8re au financement sans contrepartie d\u2019une filiale am\u00e9ricaine alors qu\u2019elle ne disposait pas de ressources pour rembourser un jour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9m\u00e8re . \u00bb<\/p>\n

[38]Article 227,Loi n2010 \/788 du 12 juillet 2010, Portant engagement national pour l\u2019environnement, publi\u00e9 sur Internet : https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022470434 ,Date de derni\u00e8re consultation 04\/11\/2017.<\/p>\n

[39]\u00ab Art. L. 233-5-1. \u2212 La d\u00e9cision par laquelle une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui poss\u00e8de plus de la moiti\u00e9 du capital d\u2019une autre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 au sens de l\u2019article L. 233-1, qui d\u00e9tient une participation au sens de l\u2019article L. 233-2 ou qui exerce le contr\u00f4le sur une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 au sens de l\u2019article L. 233-3 s\u2019engage \u00e0 prendre \u00e0 sa charge, en cas de d\u00e9faillance de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui lui est li\u00e9e, tout ou partie des obligations de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9paration qui incombent \u00e0 cette derni\u00e8re en application des articles L. 162-1 \u00e0 L. 162-9 du code de l\u2019environnement est soumise, selon la forme de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure mentionn\u00e9e aux articles L. 223-19, L. 225-38, L. 225-86, L. 226-10 ou L. 227-10 du pr\u00e9sent code. \u00bb<\/p>\n

[40]\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c2014,<\/p>\n

[41] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u0635.240.<\/p>\n

[42]\u00ab Art. L. 512-17. \u2212 Lorsque l\u2019exploitant est une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 filiale au sens de l\u2019article L. 233-1 du code de commerce et qu\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de liquidation judiciaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouverte ou prononc\u00e9e \u00e0 son encontre, le liquidateur, le minist\u00e8re public ou le repr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019Etat dans le d\u00e9partement peut saisir le tribunal ayant 13 juillet 2010 JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA R\u00c9PUBLIQUE FRAN\u00c7AISE Texte 1 sur 126 . . ouvert ou prononc\u00e9 la liquidation judiciaire pour faire \u00e9tablir l\u2019existence d\u2019une faute caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e commise par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re qui a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 une insuffisance d\u2019actif de la filiale et pour lui demander, lorsqu\u2019une telle faute est \u00e9tablie, de mettre \u00e0 la charge de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re tout ou partie du financement des mesures de remise en \u00e9tat du ou des sites en fin d\u2019activit\u00e9. \u00ab Lorsque la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9e dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues au premier alin\u00e9a n\u2019est pas en mesure de financer les mesures de remise en \u00e9tat en fin d\u2019activit\u00e9 incombant \u00e0 sa filiale, l\u2019action mentionn\u00e9e au premier alin\u00e9a peut \u00eatre engag\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dont elle est la filiale au sens du m\u00eame article L. 233-1 si l\u2019existence d\u2019une faute caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e commise par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re ayant contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 une insuffisance d\u2019actif de la filiale est \u00e9tablie. Ces dispositions s\u2019appliquent \u00e9galement \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dont la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9e en application du pr\u00e9sent alin\u00e9a est la filiale au sens du m\u00eame article L. 233-1 d\u00e8s lors que cette derni\u00e8re soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n\u2019est pas en mesure de financer les mesures de remise en \u00e9tat du ou des sites en fin d\u2019activit\u00e9 incombant \u00e0 sa filiale. \u00ab Lorsque l\u2019article L. 514-1 du pr\u00e9sent code a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en \u0153uvre, les sommes consign\u00e9es, en application du 1o du I du m\u00eame article, au titre des mesures de remise en \u00e9tat en fin d\u2019activit\u00e9, sont d\u00e9duites des sommes mises \u00e0 la charge de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re en application des alin\u00e9as pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. \u00bb<\/p>\n

[43] \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635.241.<\/p>\n

[44] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u0635.241.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f. \u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. Abstract: A corporate group is the clustering of two or more companies under the management of the parent company. The companies that operate under its […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":110492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[1979,339,2311,31,325],"class_list":["post-110491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6","tag-1979","tag-339","tag-2311","tag-31","tag-325"],"views":1170,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110491"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110491\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/110492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}