{"id":10746,"date":"2016-11-30T16:08:12","date_gmt":"2016-11-30T13:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/?p=10746"},"modified":"2017-12-03T05:10:26","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T02:10:26","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%ad-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mohamah.net\/law\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%ad-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a ) , \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Formal Criterion \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 :<\/strong> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1787 \u0645 , \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1791 \u0645 , \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 , \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a , \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 , \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631( ) . \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 , \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a , \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0647 , \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a , \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The Objective Criterion<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a , \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a , \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 , \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a , \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a Material or Objective Criterion .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 , \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ( \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b ) \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ( \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b ) , \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0640 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a :<\/strong><\/span> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 , \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u061b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 , \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 , \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a( ).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0640 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 , \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 , \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a , \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 , \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064f\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 , \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627( ) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 , \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0640 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